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Table of contents

Most often this is done on the Internet-facing interface.

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The configuration is quite straightforward, as you can see. To add in the plug-and-play deployment of a CPE device, we update the server parameters with the upstream information such as DNS servers provided by the upstream provider server. DHCP is, by default, a broadcast protocol that is not ordinarily exchanged across Layer 3 boundaries.


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The interesting thing in this example is that we must configure DHCP in the security zone host-inbound traffic configuration for both the interface that the traffic is received on along with the interface that requests are forwarded to the server even if not on the same local interface as the server ; otherwise, the SRX will drop the requests. Proper logging is one of the most important things that is often overlooked when it comes to firewall management.


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The SRX collects a great deal of information when processing firewall sessions; however, due to restrictions of storing this real-time information, after the session is complete, the information will be deleted from the system tables—with the exception of counters, which are usually too high level to get specific information about individual sessions.

Logging provides you a way to export this information to an external system for logging, reporting, security intelligence, forensics, and other traffic visibility functions.

Day One: Juniper Ambassadors’ Cookbook 2017

The SRX can log information sourced from both the control plane and data plane—including sending the information externally or storing it locally on the control plane. In this section, we explore both control plane and data plane logging, and how to export it. As we mentioned, you can log messages from both the control plan and the data plane. Following the traditional Junos theme, the control plane logs have to do with events triggered by daemons on the control plane. This includes messages about the underlying hardware chassisd , general-purpose messages messages , and various protocol daemons like IDPD, appidd, and so on.

Control plane logging is on by default to log locally, but you can override this with your own logfiles, syslog hosts, and criteria for different log messages. Data plane logs, on the other hand, are primarily those generated by components that process traffic on the data plane.

JN0-680 - Data Center, Professional (JNCIP-DC) - Dump Information

Data plane logging is off by default and must be configured. Typically, it is recommended that you send logs off the SRX to a syslog host due to the large volume of logs that can be generated from the data plane, particularly on high-end SRX platforms like the In fact, it can take an entire infrastructure of syslog servers to handle the large volume of syslog messages that the high-end SRX can generate per second. For this reason, there are two different mechanisms that we can use to log messages to the control plane, as discussed in the next section.

The data plane supports two different ways to log messages. The first is Event mode, in which all log messages are logged to the control plane through the internal SRX infrastructure that lets the data plane communicate with the control plane—you need only configure Event mode along with a few optional settings and the logs will flow to the control plane.

The other mode, Stream mode, is preferred. This logs messages directly from the data plane to an external source. The benefit of this that the SRX can log at extremely high rates into the hundreds of thousands of logs per second. This is especially important when dealing with the distributed architecture of the high-end SRX.

Of course, this is true of other security platforms as well—it is simply a difficult proposition to store large volumes of logs for historical purposes, particularly in high-demand environments. At the time of writing this book, the SRX can only log to the control plane Event mode or log out the data plane Stream mode at one time, so it is generally recommended to log out the data plane to an external syslog server.


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As we mentioned, control plane logs are enabled by default on the SRX and also allow you to configure your own logs to capture information as you see fit. In this example, we leverage three control plane logs. First, we modify the default logfile interactive-commands to display only the commands that were logged, rather than showing their entire contents. Second, we log all security logs on the SRX of any severity to a file called Severity that will archive up to ten 1 million-byte files that can only be read by root. Finally, we log all control plane logs to our STRM server at host As you can see from the preceding output, we have modified the predefined log interactive-commands to only log commands that are entered on the platform, along with defining a log called Security that logs any security-related events, and we defined the SRX to log all control plane messages to our STRM server at The SRX will compress logs and append a chronological number as part of the archive process, and the show log command will automatically decompress these.

1.3 Juniper Networks Education Services

You can also leverage the standard Junos output modifiers by using the pipe command following the show log command. For instance, we can view the contents of interactive-commands , which include clear, as follows:. Stream mode is preferred for data plane logging on the SRX due to the architecture and massive rate of logs that can be produced.

There are optional properties for source address, category SRX Branch , and severity filters as well. In this example, we configure the data plane logs to send to the STRM server with structured syslog on IP address As we mentioned earlier, at the time of writing this book, the SRX can only be in either Stream mode log out the data plane or Event mode log from the data plane to the control plane at one time. There are four different log formats at the time of writing this book: standard syslog, structured syslog, Webtrends Log Format WELF , and binary syslog.

Here we have chosen to use structured syslog, which is by far the most common. By default, the SRX will assign the source address to whatever the egress interface is for the data plane logs, but for other reasons, you might want the source address to show up as something else on your syslog collector e. Regarding the different types of syslog formats, the overall function and differences are as follows:. Structured is best leveraged, particularly when using third-party syslog servers that might not know which field applies to which value.

By leveraging the label of structured syslog, a third-party product can receive the information without any special configuration and parse it. Like standard syslog, it is ASCII based, although it does use more bytes than standard syslog due to labeling each field. Binary syslog is a relatively new feature that is the best of both worlds of structured and standard syslog, but at a reduced byte count. As we mentioned, standard syslog and structured syslog are in ASCII format as text, which means that they are not efficient when it comes to log volume, particularly at high speed.

Binary is a predefined log format defined by a log dictionary provided by Juniper on the download site per version that defines exactly which bit fields stand for which value so the SRX does not need to use any labels, but can leverage binary versus ASCII, resulting in dramatically smaller logs.

This is best leveraged with Webtrends reporting servers. When dealing with smaller SRX deployments or in environments without a syslog server, you can use Event mode logging to log all data plane logs to the control plane through an internal channel rather than out the data plane. This is known as Event mode logging. In this example, we log all data plane logs to the control plane, along with making a few custom logfiles to catch any firewall and IPS logs in their own file. In this example, we defined mode Event and then defined two new logfiles on the control plane that will match text for our respective security facilities.

If you are logging in Event mode to the control plane, you can still send data plane logs to a syslog server, you just have to use the standard control plane syslog facilities to do so. For instance, you would configure logging in Event mode as shown in the previous example, then under the set system syslog stanza you can define a host to send logs to.

This can be all logs including control plane logs or you could write filters to only send specific logs to specific hosts or files locally. There is one other important item to note: unless you are configuring Event mode logging and sending the logs out the control plane as we just described, if you want to log both the control plane logs and the data plane logs to external syslog servers, this does require the two configurations, one under set system syslog for the control plane logs and one under set security log for the data plane logs, even if they go to the same destination.

Because this causes the separation of the control plane and data plane, there is just a bit more complexity. Feeling lost in determining what logs you want to capture or how they are formatted? The good news is that Juniper documents these in the System Log Reference available with each version of Junos as well as on the system itself.

We can use the help command to determine this formation. Here we can see all of the different types of logs, and if you drill into the logs, you can see the message format, which provides the template for the log messages that will be sent, along with some meta information about the log type that can be helpful. This is not at all limited to IDP; you can do this for any standard log message that Junos generates meaning debug messages are typically not covered here. JFlow provides sampled packets that can be analyzed by the flow collector.

5. System Services - Juniper SRX Series [Book]

Although the traffic is sampled rather than sending every packet, it can still provide a great deal of visibility to the flow collector, and very advanced systems like STRM and Arbor Peakflow provide network intelligence based on the behaviors and changes in behavior seen in the network platform. This will be exported to our STRM at First, you need to enable flow sampling at an interface level. You can do so holistically, as we have, by enabling sampling in the input or output direction of the interface ingress or egress, respectively, per interface.

This will not distinguish any packets.

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If you want to selectively choose which packets to sample, that can be done with stateless firewall filters with the sample action. Next, you need to define how many packets should be logged, and this is a very important detail. There are a few different options here, the first being the rate. This is calculated as 1:X where X is the rate that you define. If you selected a rate of 1 , then it would log every packet. This is a very bad idea! Ideally you should be sampling something much higher. There are specialized platforms like Niksun if you need true line speed packet capture.

The purpose of JFlow is to sample packets to give an approximation of network behavior rather than sample every packet. Next, to ensure that the system does not get overwhelmed because a sample rate of even can be high at, say, 10 Gbps, which would be Mbps of sampled packets , you can define a maximum sampled PPS rate.