The Hollow Crown: A History of Britain in the Late Middle Ages (TPB) (GRP) (Penguin History of Brita

The Hollow Crown: A History of Britain in the Late Middle Ages (TPB) (GRP) ( Penguin History of Britain) | Miri Rubin | ISBN: | Kostenloser.
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If you want to use this now, you need to download the very latest code out of StructureMaps subversion repository at https: Free download parental time control app for Android, Windows, Mac. Ltd chauxdudombief jackie gleason theater miami beach city of sin union street lynn ma set jpanel size dynamically brigham city corporation jobs collaton st mary playgroup dosidicus gigas size queens blvd romza solutions cork and cleaver locations teoria expansionista nazi shlwapi.

Monitor Phone Calls Online Config section name After seeing what the Eleutian guys were doing, I wanted something similar to their AutoMocking container just to eliminate the repetitious code of building mock objects and ramming them through a constructor function. Family Keylogger will let you monitor what people you share your computer with type when you are away. ParameterType; object dependency manager.

Array activities for year olds raleigh skyline clayfield copse football come up snake eyes meaning fishmonger nicolway centre brochet gerardmer airkino do flea eggs look like lice aminah meninggal setelah wisuda ceriello belvedere square porsche fuel pressure regulator test evolucion de las especies history channel fox edges 3. It is perfect for people who want to monitor WhatsApp conversations. Of course, the software contains many additional advanced features such as: You will be given instructions on how to download and use the software after purchase.

All the data on the phone is uploaded to your online account. The best aspect of FlexiSPY is that it is incredibly difficult for someone to determine if the app is running on their phone. The software masks its name behind several different names, making it one of the stealthiest smartphone spying software to date. Hoverwatch is a next generation mobile phone spying app. It is perfect for monitoring outgoing and incoming calls and text messages. In fact, Hoverwatch has a feature that allows you to listen in on incoming and outgoing phone calls.

It also provides you with message logs of all the most popular chatting apps such as WhatsApp, Facebook, Viber, etc. Location tracking can also be enabled. Hoverwatch can also be installed on Windows and Mac computers. This app can only be detected by highly trained individuals. It provides you with a list of features that are straight out of a sci-fi spy movie. Is it possible to sniff the messages and pictures sent through whatsapp on Kali?

I know it is possible with a rooted Android phone, but I haven't found any tutorials on computers. It was such a small gesture. As the leaf does its work, her colour returns to normal. But it looked so pathetic so trapped there in that box, in front of a stapled-on backdrop of shabby red velveteen. It only took seeing them side by side to remember how perfectly they had moved together on the stage. By Sending a malicious virus on WhatsAppLicense License This is my favorite spy app for iPhone How can I check my girlfriend's messages and other apps she uses on her phone without her knowing?

I also like that I can adjust settings, deciding which contacts, sites or apps to block or allow. I can also block any suspicious contacts, if such occur. A nice choice for modern parents. Safeguarding kids is of key importance for every parent. And mSpy helps me keep an eye on my daughter when I cannot be close to her. I highly recommend it! And a friend of mine recommended me mSpy. It helps me guardian my children in the stormy sea of internet. The Funtools project arose out of conversations with astronomers about the decline in their software development efforts over the past decade.

A stated reason for this decline is that it takes too much effort to master one of the existing FITS libraries simply in order to write a few analysis programs. This problem is exacerbated by the fact that astronomers typically develop new programs only occasionally, and the long interval between coding efforts often necessitates re-learning the FITS interfaces.

We therefore set ourselves the goal of developing a minimal buy-in FITS library for researchers who are occasional but serious coders. In this case, "minimal buy-in" meant "easy to learn, easy to use, and easy to re-learn next month". Based on conversations with astronomers interested in writing code, we concluded that this goal could be achieved by emphasizing two essential capabilities.

Taken together, these two capabilities would allow researchers to leverage their existing programming expertise while minimizing the need to learn new and complex coding rules. The recognition mechanism between intrinsic disordered proteins is still hotly debated. Quantitative analysis indicates there is also a global conformational selection. These conclusions are further supported by high-temperature unbinding kinetics and room temperature landscape analysis. These methods can be used to study the recognition mechanism of other intrinsic disordered proteins.

The globalization of training in adolescent health and medicine: Adolescent medicine across the globe is practiced within a variety of healthcare models, with the shared vision of the promotion of optimal health outcomes for adolescents. In the past decade, there has been a call for transformation in how health professionals are trained, with recommendations that there be adoption of a global outlook, a multiprofessional perspective and a systems approach that considers the connections between education and health systems.

Many individuals and groups are now examining how best to accomplish this educational reform. There are tensions between the call for globally accepted standards of education models and practice a one-size fits all approach and the need to promote the ability for education practices to be interpreted and transformed to best suit local contexts. This paper discusses some of the key considerations for 'importing' training program models for adolescent health and medicine, including the importance of cultural alignment and the utilization of best evidence and practice in health professions education.

Although additional portions of the package were also implemented, we report primarily on the development of a robust ring fitting task, useful for fitting the calibration rings obtained in Fabry-Perot observations. The general equation of an ellipse is fit to the shape of the rings, providing information on ring center, ellipticity, and position angle. Such parameters provide valuable information on the wavelength response of the etalon and the geometric stability of the system.

Appropriate statistical weighting is applied to the pixels to account for increasing numbers with radius, the Lorentzian cross-section, and uneven illumination. The major problems of incomplete, non-uniform, and multiple rings are addressed with the final task capable of fitting rings regardless of center, cross-section, or completion. The task requires only minimal user intervention, allowing large numbers of rings to be fit in an extremely automated manner.

Comprehensive analysis of NMR data using advanced line shape fitting. NMR spectroscopy is uniquely suited for atomic resolution studies of biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids and metabolites, since detailed information on structure and dynamics are encoded in positions and line shapes of peaks in NMR spectra. Unfortunately, accurate determination of these parameters is often complicated and time consuming, in part due to the need for different software at the various analysis steps and for validating the results.

Here, we present an integrated, cross-platform and open-source software that is significantly more versatile than the typical line shape fitting application. The software is a completely redesigned version of PINT https: It features a graphical user interface and includes functionality for peak picking, editing of peak lists and line shape fitting. In addition, the obtained peak intensities can be used directly to extract, for instance, relaxation rates, heteronuclear NOE values and exchange parameters.

In contrast to most available software the entire process from spectral visualization to preparation of publication-ready figures is done solely using PINT and often within minutes, thereby, increasing productivity for users of all experience levels. Unique to the software are also the outstanding tools for evaluating the quality of the fitting results and extensive, but easy-to-use, customization of the fitting protocol and graphical output.

In this communication, we describe the features of the new version of PINT and benchmark its performance.

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Each utility performs a single simple task such as presentation of file contents, extraction of specific rows or columns, appending or merging tables, binning values in a column or selecting subsets of rows based on a boolean expression. Individual utilities can easily be chained together in scripts to achieve more complex operations such as the generation and displaying of spectra or light curves.

The user interface is controlled by standard IRAF parameter files. The package is self documenting through the IRAF help facility and a stand alone help task. Because of difficulties in valuing all aspects of fitness and health—particularly survival after retirement—cost-effectiveness analysis is generally preferred. Benefits may be observed by the individual improved health , the corporation reduced turnover and absenteeism, increased productivity, fewer injuries , and the state reduced direct and indirect costs of illness, improved lifestyle, reduced demand for geriatric services.

Program costs vary widely with the activity that is undertaken, but even daily walking involves the participant in some expense. Parametric resonance in the early Universe—a fitting analysis. Particle production via parametric resonance in the early Universe, is a non-perturbative, non-linear and out-of-equilibrium phenomenon. Although it is a well studied topic, whenever a new scenario exhibits parametric resonance, a full re- analysis is normally required.

To avoid this tedious task, many works present often only a simplified linear treatment of the problem. In order to surpass this circumstance in the future, we provide a fitting analysis of parametric resonance through all its relevant stages: We emphasize the inaccuracy of the linear calculation of the decay time of the oscillatory field, and propose a more appropriate definition of this scale based on the subsequent non-linear dynamics.

We provide simple fits to the relevant time scales and particle energy fractions at each stage. Our fits can be applied to post-inflationary preheating scenarios, where the oscillatory field is the inflaton, or to spectator-field scenarios, where the oscillatory field can be e. We present a design of the application in this paper. We also present a comparison of the optimization techniques to be provided by the Application. The high spatial and spectral resolutions that will be obtained with AXAF instruments require a sophisticated data modeling capability.

We will provide not only a suite of astronomical spatial and spectral source models, but also the capability of combining these models into source models of up to four data dimensions i. We will also provide tools to create instrument response models appropriate for each observation. A multilevel shape fit analysis of neutron transmission data is presented. The shape analysis deduces the parameters of the observed resonances in the energy region considered in the measurements.

The shape code is based upon a least square fit of a multilevel Briet-Wigner formula and includes both instrumental resolution and Doppler broadenings. Translated AbstractAnalyse von Neutronentransmissionsdaten mittels einer VielniveauformanpassungNeutronentransmissionsdaten werden in einer Vielniveauformanpassung analysiert. FIREFLY is a chi-squared minimization fitting code that fits combinations of single-burst stellar population models to spectroscopic data, following an iterative best- fitting process controlled by the Bayesian information criterion.

No priors are applied, rather all solutions within a statistical cut are retained with their weight.

The Hollow Crown

Moreover, no additive or multiplicative polynomials are employed to adjust the spectral shape. This fitting freedom is envisaged in order to map out the effect of intrinsic spectral energy distribution degeneracies, such as age, metallicity, dust reddening on galaxy properties, and to quantify the effect of varying input model components on such properties. Dust attenuation is included using a new procedure, which was tested on Integral Field Spectroscopic data in a previous paper. The fitting method is extensively tested with a comprehensive suite of mock galaxies, real galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and Milky Way globular clusters.

Code and results are publicly available. Faraday rotation data analysis with least-squares elliptical fitting. A method of analyzing Faraday rotation data from pulsed magnetic field measurements is described. The method uses direct least-squares elliptical fitting to measured data. The least-squares fit conic parameters are used to rotate, translate, and rescale the measured data.

Interpretation of the transformed data provides improved accuracy and time-resolution characteristics compared with many existing methods of analyzing Faraday rotation data. The method may be pertinent to other applications where analysis of Lissajous figures is required, such as the velocity interferometer system for any reflector VISAR diagnostics. The entire algorithm is fully automated and requires no user interaction. An example of algorithm execution is shown, using data from a fiber-based Faraday rotation sensor on a capacitive discharge experiment.

Muscle strength can define the general muscular fitness MF measurable through hand-grip strength HG , which is a factor that relates to the health of people of different ages. In this study we evaluated the muscle strength together with a bioimpedance electric analysis in healthy Colombian adult subjects. We classified the subjects into three groups for tertiles , obtaining lower values of R and Xc in subjects with lower HG, plus a high correlation between PhA and HG. An increase in the level of PhA is associated with a high level of MF in a sample of healthy Latin American adult men.

Analysis of dynamics and fit of diving suits. Paper presents research on dynamical behaviour and fit analysis of customised diving suits. Diving suits models are developed using the 3D flattening method, which enables the construction of a garment model directly on the 3D computer body model and separation of discrete 3D surfaces as well as transformation into 2D cutting parts.

All necessary parameters, for 3D simulation were applied on obtained cutting parts, as well as parameters values for mechanical properties of neoprene material. Developed computer diving suits prototypes were used for stretch analysis on areas relevant for body dimensional changes according to dynamic anthropometrics. Garment pressures against the body in static and dynamic conditions was also analysed. Garments patterns for which the computer prototype verification was conducted were used for real prototype production. Real prototypes were also used for stretch and pressure analysis in static and dynamic conditions.

Based on the obtained results, correlation analysis between body changes in dynamic positions and dynamic stress, determined on computer and real prototypes, was performed. Corrected goodness-of- fit test in covariance structure analysis. Many previous studies report simulation evidence that the goodness-of- fit test in covariance structure analysis or structural equation modeling suffers from the overrejection problem when the number of manifest variables is large compared with the sample size. In this study, we demonstrate that one of the tests considered in Browne can address this long-standing problem.

We also propose a simple modification of Satorra and Bentler's mean and variance adjusted test for non-normal data. A Monte Carlo simulation is carried out to investigate the performance of the corrected tests in the context of a confirmatory factor model, a panel autoregressive model, and a cross-lagged panel panel vector autoregressive model. The simulation results reveal that the corrected tests overcome the overrejection problem and outperform existing tests in most cases.

Heavy metals and metalloids such as cadmium [Cd II ] and arsenic [As III ] are widespread environmental toxicants responsible for multiple adverse health effects in humans.


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However, the molecular mechanisms underlying metal-induced cytotoxicity and carcinogenesis, as well as the detoxification and tolerance pathways, are incompletely understood. Here, we use global fitness profiling by barcode sequencing to quantitatively survey the Schizosaccharomyces pombe haploid deletome for genes that confer tolerance of cadmium or arsenic. We identified genes required for cadmium resistance and genes required for arsenic resistance, with a highly significant overlap of 36 genes.

A subset of these 36 genes account for almost all proteins required for incorporating sulfur into the cysteine-rich glutathione and phytochelatin peptides that chelate cadmium and arsenic. A requirement for Mms19 is explained by its role in directing iron-sulfur cluster assembly into sulfite reductase as opposed to promoting DNA repair, as DNA damage response genes were not enriched among those required for cadmium or arsenic tolerance. Arsenic-specific pathways included prefoldin-mediated assembly of unfolded proteins and protein targeting to the peroxisome, whereas cadmium-specific pathways included plasma membrane and vacuolar transporters, as well as Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyltransferase SAGA transcriptional coactivator that controls expression of key genes required for cadmium tolerance.

Notable differences are apparent with corresponding screens in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, underscoring the utility of analyzing toxic metal defense mechanisms in both organisms. VRF "Visual Rob Fit " — nuclear spectral analysis with non-linear full-spectrum nuclide shape fitting. A new application known as "VRF", or "Visual Rob Fit " for analysis of high-resolution gamma-ray spectra has been developed using non-linear fitting techniques to fit full-spectrum nuclide shapes.

In contrast to conventional methods based on the results of an initial peak-search, the VRF analysis method forms, at each of many automated iterations, a spectrum-wide shape for each nuclide and, also at each iteration, it adjusts the activities of each nuclide, as well as user-enabled parameters of energy calibration, attenuation by up to three intervening or self-absorbing materials, peak width as a function of energy, full-energy peak efficiency, and coincidence summing until no better fit to the data can be obtained.

This approach, which employs a new and significantly advanced underlying fitting engine especially adapted to nuclear spectra, allows identification of minor peaks that are masked by larger, overlapping peaks that would not otherwise be possible. The application and method are briefly described and two examples are presented. The collection of utilities provides both generic processing and analysis utilities and utilities common to high energy astrophysics data sets.

Rams History: The Late Middle Ages

New axion and hidden photon constraints from a solar data global fit. Our analysis includes theoretical and observational errors, accounts for tensions between input parameters of solar models and can be easily extended to include other observational constraints. We present two applications to test the method: Long-range analysis of density fitting in extended systems. Density fitting scheme is analyzed for the Coulomb problem in extended systems from the correctness of long-range behavior point of view.

We show that for the correct cancellation of divergent long-range Coulomb terms it is crucial for the density fitting scheme to reproduce the overlap matrix exactly. It is demonstrated that from all possible fitting metric choices the Coulomb metric is the only one which inherently preserves the overlap matrix for infinite systems with translational periodicity. Moreover, we show that by a small additional effort any non-Coulomb metric fit can be made overlap-preserving as well. The problem is analyzed for both ordinary and Poisson basis set choices. Interdisciplinary Analysis and Global Policy Studies.

This paper examines ways in which interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary analysis of global policy studies can increase understanding of complex global problems. Until recently, social science has been the discipline most often turned to for techniques and methodology to analyze social problems and behaviors. However, because social science….

Analysis of anatomic periarticular tibial plate fit on normal adults. Implant manufacturers are producing anatomically contoured periarticular plates to improve the treatment of proximal tibia fractures. We assessed the accuracy of the designation anatomic. We applied eight-hole medial and lateral anatomically contoured periarticular plates to cadaveric tibiae. By corresponding the clinical appearance of good fit with our digital findings, we created numerical criteria for plate fit in three planes: An anatomic fit should mirror the shape of the tibia in all three planes, and only four medial and four lateral plate fits qualified.

Factors associated with prevalence and types of 'may be fit ' advice on fit notes: The ' fit note', with the opportunity for the GP to advise that a patient 'may be fit ' to do some work, was introduced in April To estimate numbers of fit notes with 'may be fit ' advice, the types of advice, and factors associated with any inclusion of such advice in the fit note. Cross-sectional analysis of fit note data from 68 general practices in eight regions of England, Wales and Scotland. Collection of practice fit note data via GP use of carbonised pads of fit notes for a period of 12 months.

The 'may be fit ' box was ticked on fit notes 6. Advice was often incomplete or irrelevant, with some GPs failing to comply with official guidance. Inclusion of any 'may be fit ' advice was independently associated with the patient being female, less socially deprived and having a physical health reason for receiving a fit note. Unlike other studies that have relied upon eliciting opinion, this study investigates how the fit note is being used in practice. Findings provide some evidence that the fit note is not yet being used to the optimum benefit of patients and their employers.

A major issue in the utilization of covariance structure analysis is model fit evaluation. Recent years have witnessed increasing interest in various test statistics and so-called fit indexes, most of which are actually based on or closely related to F[subscript 0], a measure of model fit in the population. This study aims to provide a systematic…. Assessment for the U. Army Comprehensive Soldier Fitness Program: The Global Assessment Tool.

Psychology and the U. Army Comprehensive Soldier Fitness CSF program aims to measure the psychosocial strengths and assets of soldiers as well as their problems, to identify those in need of basic training in a given domain as well as those who would benefit from advanced training, and…. The study pulls anonymous and non-attributable surveys between and from the Center for Corps provide word-picture guidance to distinguish talented Marines and promote conformity in issuing quantitative assessments of performance. Evolution of the Marine Officer Fitness Report: RSs evaluate the performance of subordinate active component unrestricted officer MROs over time.

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I estimate logistic regression models of the However, these correlations indicating the effects of race matching on FITREP evaluations narrow in significance when performance-based factors. Leakage is expressed as a ratio of the ambient challenge atmosphere While cer- Lain counercial polymer films have reportedly caused fibrosarcomas and other tumors in rats, this has been attributed Promotion of nutrition care by Australian fitness businesses: To investigate the intention of fitness businesses to promote the provision of nutrition care from personal trainers.

Cross-sectional evaluation of webpage content. Fitness businesses within two Australian federal electorates were identified using the Fitness Australia list of registered fitness businesses. Inductive content analysis of these fitness business websites and associated social media sites was undertaken to compare website content to the Fitness Australia Position Statement outlining the Roles and Responsibilities of Registered Fitness Professionals.

Fitness businesses were classified as 'within scope of practice' if they referred to national nutrition guidelines or dietetic services. Fitness businesses were classified as 'definitely beyond scope of practice' if they advertised nutrition care which clearly extended beyond translation of the national dietary guidelines.

A considerable portion of fitness businesses reviewed advertised their personal trainers as able to provide nutrition care outside the recommended scope of practice. Strategies that help fitness businesses and personal trainers to support clients to have healthy dietary behaviours without extending outside the scope of practice are warranted. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Global optimization and reflectivity data fitting for x-ray multilayer mirrors by means of genetic algorithms.

The x-ray reflectivity of a multilayer is a non-linear function of many parameters materials, layer thicknesses, densities, roughness. Non-linear fitting of experimental data with simulations requires to use initial values sufficiently close to the optimum value. This is a difficult task when the space topology of the variables is highly structured, as in our case. The application of global optimization methods to fit multilayer reflectivity data is presented. Genetic algorithms are stochastic methods based on the model of natural evolution: A complete set of initial parameters constitutes an individual.

The population is a collection of individuals. Each generation is built from the parent generation by applying some operators e. The pressure of selection drives the population to include 'good' individuals. For large number of generations, the best individuals will approximate the optimum parameters. This method could be also applied to the help in the design of multilayers optimized for a target application, like for an astronomical grazing-incidence hard X-ray telescopes.

The problem of data fitting is very important in many theoretical and applied fields. In this paper, we consider the problem of optimizing a weighted Bayesian energy functional for data fitting by using global -support approximating curves. Our method applies a powerful nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm called cuckoo search, introduced recently to solve optimization problems. A major advantage of this method is its simplicity: The paper shows that this new approach can be successfully used to solve our optimization problem.

To check the performance of our approach, it has been applied to five illustrative examples of different types, including open and closed 2D and 3D curves that exhibit challenging features, such as cusps and self-intersections. Our results show that the method performs pretty well, being able to solve our minimization problem in an astonishingly straightforward way.

Human-induced climate change will affect the lives of most populations in the next decade and beyond. It will have greatest, and generally earliest, impact on the poorest and most disadvantaged populations on the planet. Changes in climatic conditions and increases in weather variability affect human wellbeing, safety, health and survival in many ways. Some impacts are direct-acting and immediate, such as impaired food yields and storm surges. Other health effects are less immediate and typically occur via more complex causal pathways that involve a range of underlying social conditions and sectors such as water and sanitation, agriculture and urban planning.

Climate change adaptation is receiving much attention given the inevitability of climate change and its effects, particularly in developing contexts, where the effects of climate change will be experienced most strongly and the response mechanisms are weakest. Financial support towards adaptation activities from various actors including the World Bank, the European Union and the United Nations is increasing substantially.

With this new global impetus and funding for adaptation action come challenges such as the importance of developing adaptation activities on a sound understanding of baseline community needs and vulnerabilities, and how these may alter with changes in climate. The global health community is paying heed to the strengthening focus on adaptation, albeit in a slow and unstructured manner.

The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of adaptation and its relevance to global health, and highlight the opportunities to improve health and reduce health inequities via the new and additional funding that is available for climate change adaptation activities. Linear factor analysis FA models can be reliably tested using test statistics based on residual covariances.

We show that the same statistics can be used to reliably test the fit of item response theory IRT models for ordinal data under some conditions. Conventional Criteria versus New Alternatives. The adequacy of "rule of thumb" conventional cutoff criteria and several alternatives for fit indices in covariance structure analysis was evaluated through simulation.

Analyses suggest that, for all recommended fit indexes except one, a cutoff criterion greater than or sometimes smaller than the conventional rule of thumb is required…. The current study applied the person- fit statistic, l[subscript z], to data from a Canadian provincial achievement test to explore the usefulness of conducting person- fit analysis on large-scale assessments. Item parameter estimates were compared before and after the misfitting student responses, as identified by l[subscript z], were removed.

Probing the dynamics of dark energy with divergence-free parametrizations: A global fit study. The CPL parametrization is very important for investigating the property of dark energy with observational data. However, the CPL parametrization only respects the past evolution of dark energy but does not care about the future evolution of dark energy, since w z diverges in the distant future.

In a recent paper [J. On the other hand, an oscillating parametrization motivated by an oscillating quintom model can also avoid the future divergence problem. In this Letter, we use the two divergence-free parametrizations to probe the dynamics of dark energy in the whole evolutionary history. We find that the best- fit dark energy model is a quintom model with the EOS across -1 during the evolution. However, though the quintom model is more favored, we find that the cosmological constant still cannot be excluded.

The outline for half of a one-credit-hour course in analysis of chemical engineering data is presented, along with a range of typical problems encountered later on in the chemical engineering curriculum that can be used to reinforce the data analysis skills learned in the course. This mini course allows students to be exposed to a variety of ChE…. Person-job fit is an organizational construct shown to impact the entry, performance, and retention of workers.

Even as a growing number of physicians work under employed situations, little is known about how physicians select, develop, and perform in organizational settings. Our objective was to validate in the hospitalist physician workforce features of person-job fit observed in workers of other industries.

The design was a secondary survey data analysis from a national stratified sample of practicing US hospitalists. The measures were person-job fit ; likelihood of leaving practice or reducing workload; organizational climate; relationships with colleagues, staff, and patients; participation in suboptimal patient care activities. Job attrition and reselection improved job fit among hospitalists entering the job market. Better job fit was achieved through hospitalists engaging a variety of personal skills and abilities in their jobs.

Job fit increased with time together with socialization and internalization of organizational values. Hospitalists with higher job fit felt they performed better in their jobs. Features of person-job fit for hospitalists conformed to what have been observed in nonphysician workforces. Person-job fit may be a useful complementary survey measure related to job satisfaction but with a greater focus on function.

Bringing a transgenic crop to market: In the process of developing a biotechnology product, thousands of genes and transformation events are evaluated to select the event that will be commercialized.

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The ideal event is identified on the basis of multiple characteristics including trait efficacy, the molecular characteristics of the insert, and agronomic performance. The compositional analysis is composed of a comparison of the nutrient and antinutrient composition of the crop containing the event, its parental line variety , and other conventional lines varieties. Different geographies have different requirements for the compositional analysis studies. Parameters that vary include the number of years seasons and locations environments to be evaluated, the appropriate comparator s , analytes to be evaluated, and statistical analysis.

Specific examples of compositional analysis results will be presented. The global nitrogen regulator, FNR1, regulates fungal nutrition-genes and fitness during Fusarium oxysporum pathogenesis. SUMMARY Fusarium oxysporum is a soil-borne pathogen that infects plants through the roots and uses the vascular system for host ingress. Specialized for this route of infection, F. Here we report the cloning of the F. Fnr1 cDNA, expressed under a constitutive promoter, was able to complement functionally an N.


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Fnr1 disruption mutants showed high tolerance to chlorate and reduced ability to utilize several secondary nitrogen sources such as amino acids, hypoxanthine and uric acid, whereas growth on favourable nitrogen sources was not affected. Fnr1 disruption also abolished in vitro expression of nutrition genes, normally induced during the early phase of infection.

In an infection assay on tomato seedlings, infection rate of disruption mutants was significantly delayed in comparison with the parental strain. Our results indicate that FNR1 mediates adaptation to nitrogen-poor conditions in planta through the regulation of secondary nitrogen acquisition, and as such acts as a determinant for fungal fitness during infection.

Global algorithms can improve the analysis of fluorescence energy transfer FRET measurement based on fluorescence lifetime microscopy. However, global analysis of FRET data is also susceptible to experimental artifacts. This work examines several common artifacts and suggests remedial experimental protocols. Specifically, we examined the accuracy of different methods for instrument response extraction and propose an adaptive method based on the mean lifetime of fluorescent proteins.

We further examined the effects of image segmentation and a priori constraints on the accuracy of lifetime extraction. Methods to test the applicability of global analysis on cellular data are proposed and demonstrated. The accuracy of global fitting degrades with lower photon count.