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Black arrows indicate movement from tagging location for fish tagged in or from fresh water for returning migrants tagged in The thickness of the arrows is proportional to the number of individuals observed performing a specific movement pattern also indicated by numbers. Lake trout are widespread in North America from the Arctic coast and near islands to the northern United States. They are harvested for subsistence, and sport throughout the north and commercially in Great Slave Lake. Lake trout migrations are mainly limited to within lakes although since they inhabit some lakes such as Great Bear Lake that are freshwater oceans, these migrations may cover quite a distance e.

Using a genetic assignment-based approach combined with otolith microchemistry [ 72 ] also documented anadromous migrations in Lake trout and also noted substantial inter-lake movements in this species in the Husky Lake drainage basin, Northwest Territories, where freshwater resident, semi-anadromous, and brackish-water resident lake trout life history types are documented. It is an important commercial species supporting fisheries in these zones.

Floy tagging between and indicated that Greenland halibut located in the northern winter fishing grounds were resident, while fish tagged near the mouth of Cumberland Sound were migratory to offshore waters of Baffin Bay and Davis Strait [ 19 ]. Western Greenland fiords have similar inshore populations of Greenland halibut that are sink populations with origins offshore but settling into the inshore [ 20 ].

Alerts In Effect

It is likely that the same circumstance exists in Cumberland Sound. The existing inshore allocation or total allowable catch TAC of Greenland halibut was assigned to a new management area that encompasses northern Cumberland Sound. Subsequently, the question arose whether the inshore stock in Cumberland Sound was distinct from the offshore. They noted biotic and abiotic factors that were driving fish movements. Greenland halibut undertook clear seasonal movements between the southern and northern regions of the sound driven by temperature, dissolved oxygen, and sea ice cover, with most tagged fish using the entire sound over the course of the year.


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Their aim was to determine if fish could be vulnerable to both the inshore and offshore fisheries in the area. Most fish moved between the inshore in the summer and offshore during the winter months. A few fish moved offshore with the others but returned inshore during the main winter months.

SILVER BOUNTY

Greenland halibut seemed to avoid ice-cover in the inshore and likely moved offshore as the sea-ice formed in November. It was thought that Greenland halibut remained within the coastal environment of Baffin Bay during the year. The recent data show that this is not the case in all areas. In the coastal regions such as Scott Inlet, inshore-offshore connectivity occurs. This implies that many of the Halibut are from a single population and vulnerable to harvest in both the inshore and the offshore fisheries.

To avoid over-harvesting, fishery management must take this into account. Further studies have noted that adult Greenland halibut may make longer migrations over wide areas for the purposes of spawning and growth A. Fisk, University of Windsor, pers. Northern shrimp are distributed patchily throughout the circumpolar region. In Canadian waters, they form important fisheries in Davis and Hudson straits and in Cumberland Sound.


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  6. The nekton biomass was dominated by a varied fish community 10 species present with shrimp and squid being the other main components. Large Calanus spp. In contrast to the nekton, the majority were above the thermocline day and night. Biomass could be predicted with a general additive model with depth, time, and moonlight.

    Following metamorphosis, ovigerous females return to shallow waters where larvae are released. Nonetheless, both species have been shown to perform diel vertical migrations to facilitate the feeding on zooplankton organisms during the night time [ 76 , 80 ]. Ringed seals are distributed throughout the Arctic Ocean.

    They are hunted for food by indigenous peoples of the Canadian north and are critical to food security. Ringed seals travel great distances during their life. Ringed seals spent three-quarters of their time in either Prince Albert Sound or eastern Amundsen Gulf. Immatures spent more time moving They are occasionally harvested by Inuit for food and the tusks.

    Migration - Catadromous fish | Britannica

    The degree to which these populations undertake seasonal movements or migrations is not well understood, although studies in recent years have indicated both localized movements and large-scale migrations in response to seasonal variation in ice conditions [ 82 , 83 ]. In areas where polynyas and dynamic leads in pack ice persist throughout winter, Walrus occur year-round and undertake only localized movements between wintering areas and onshore haul-out sites during summer.

    Although Walrus move seasonally within Foxe Basin, there is no evidence of concerted movements between Foxe Basin and Hudson Strait [ 87 ]. There is similarly no evidence of seasonal movements into or out of southeastern Hudson Bay, where Walrus move from the floe edge in winter to terrestrial haul-out sites in summer [ 88 ]. There is, however, evidence of seasonal movements between Hudson Bay and Hudson Strait, with general westward movement in summer, and return movements north and eastward in fall [ 89 ].

    Historically, Walrus were known to migrate northward along West Greenland in spring and to return southward along the east coast of Baffin Island in fall Freuchen and Vibe , as cited in [ 89 ]. Although no longer observed on that scale, recent studies have confirmed seasonal Walrus migrations between Greenland and Canada. Tags on three of the animals transmitted long enough to document their return migration from Ellesmere Island to their original tagging locations off the Greenland coast in October [ 83 ].

    As with Walrus migrations further north, the westward spring migration coincided with the seasonal retreat of the pack ice edge. Telemetry results are also supported by genetics analysis that showed no differences between Walruses from West Greenland and southeast Baffin Island [ 90 ].

    The seasonal movement of this species between Greenland and Canada is relevant to Walrus hunt management in both countries. Beluga whale are distributed through out the Arctic Ocean and are one of two species adapted to living with pack ice. They are hunted for food by Inuit in Canada. Most Arctic populations are healthy but the population in Cumberland Sound is of concern. Belugas take part in a yearly cycle of migration from their summering grounds to their wintering grounds.

    Belugas tend to frequent river estuaries and coastal water during the summer. Belugas spend the winter next to the ice edge, and in an area of open water [ 91 ]. Then, Beluga migrate back to their summering grounds. The migrations vary widely in the distance travelled but the same seasonal pattern is found in all the Arctic Beluga populations. Beluga of the Cumberland Sound population stay within the Cumberland Sound area all year round. They migrate from fjords to the open water at the mouth of Cumberland Sound in the winter [ 93 ], a migration that is only a couple hundred kilometers.

    Sexual segregation has been reported during the summer. Males tended to have a large home range than females [ 94 ] and they also selected areas with higher ice concentrations during July-August [ 95 ]. Belugas of the EBS population tended to leave their summering ground in September [ 94 ] for their fall migration westward to the Bering Sea [ 96 ]. Belugas in Hudson Bay spent their summer in the estuaries and river mouths. Belugas of the WHB population started their migration around mid-October [ 98 ].

    EHB belugas migrated in groups of related individuals and their migration route seemed to be learned and shared by related individuals [ 99 ]. As they migrated in the spring and fall along Hudson Strait [ ], both WHB and EHB belugas were susceptible to harvest by coastal aboriginal communities along their migration route [ ]. Narwhal are found in Canadian, Greenlandic, and Russian Arctic waters.

    They are the other species adapted to exist under ice packs. They are hunted for food and their tusks by the Canadian Inuit. The Baffin Bay population is the largest with more than , individuals.

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    Narwhals summer in known aggregations in bays and fjords in the high Arctic [ ]. Although the location and occurrence of these summer aggregations are predictable, a proportion of narwhals seem to mix between summer aggregations [ ]. Information about Narwhal migration comes from satellite telemetry and local knowledge.

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