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In the post-Apostolic church, bishops emerged as overseers of urban Christian populations, and a.
Table of contents
That was a big sticking point, at that time, which date they celebrated Easter on. So you get a sense that for him being in a relationship with Rome is what it is to be true, and yet also curiously what it is to be local, to be where he is in the north of England. Gibbon is terribly different from Bede. Edward Gibbon was a very self-absorbed 18th-century Englishman, and yet also a citizen of the world. He felt that the enlightened, sceptical outlook that he held was the way people ought to be.
He left us a wonderful account of his life — a rather solemn and not terribly humourous autobiography — in which you get a picture of a snobby, rather prissy, self-important man who likes everything just so. Otherwise, he was a single man who devoted his time to writing this immense book. All the time there is a wonderful, slight edge to what he is writing. I think he may have enjoyed the past more than the present. What modern historians would say is that this is a story of transformations, and one of those transformations was the alliance between emperors and Christianity, which made the Empire very different.
Far from the Empire falling after Christianity, it lasted another years, in the form of Byzantine Christianity in Constantinople. But what you do see in Gibbon is a very exhilarating rejection of priestcraft, the claims of the Church to absolute authority, and the attempts of the Church to boss people around in their lives. He would be searing in what he said. In his day, the big enemy was the Roman Catholic Church, but all the same things applied.
He was not an atheist, he was not anti-religious, but he was anti-clerical, he distrusted clergy — and that seems to me a very healthy instinct. So was writing about Christianity in the Roman Empire just an excuse to be rude about the contemporary Church?
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Oh, by no means. He tells us that great story about going to Rome and standing in the ruins of the forum as the friars chanted in the background. He was gripped by this great civilisation which was in ruin in his day. This city is small compared to what it was. Your next three books are more recent, but rather less well known than Bede and Gibbon….
What I have done so far is to give you two of the great classics of Christian history. She is writing about the Scottish Reformation, which produced the Presbyterian Church of Scotland still the Scottish national church. But what Margo does is present this wonderfully rich, detailed picture of the lives that people led. It was a very disciplined society. For example, the Scottish Protestants invented a new piece of church furniture which they called the Stool of Repentance.
The whole congregation would stare at these people Sunday after Sunday and then, at the end, the whole congregation would welcome them back, hugging them and shaking their hands. It was a very scary world in which anyone might burst into crime, and you can see how attractive this sort of structure would be for people. She has the most wonderful stories about these disciplines: for example, one sea captain who was visiting from the Netherlands and went out on the razzle one night and had a wonderful time drinking and fornicating and when he had a hangover the following day he felt so guilty that he went to the local church and offered himself for penance before the congregation.
You get the sense of people struggling with their own consciences and trying to fit into this world. It only existed in Scotland, and an Englishman came up to visit Edinburgh one day, and he went to church on a Sunday. And it goes on like that. Was there a big change in Scotland between the pre- Reformation period and the post-Reformation period, or was it always quite strict and dour?
It was an absolutely huge turnaround, part of a real reformation of manners. Society moved from a society where the festivals of the church were hugely important, to one where discipline was valued. Scottish society remained full of festivity, but it had a rather different relationship with the Church. The Church was generally on the side of buttoning yourself up after the Reformation, whereas beforehand it might well be on the side of unbridled fun.
It depends where you start from. We all make bargains with the society we live in, and theirs were just a different set of bargains. This is one volume in a long series called the Oxford History of the Christian Church. I chose it because its author, who is sadly now dead, was not only a great historian but also a participant and observer. He was a Roman Catholic priest who went to Africa and worked particularly in Mozambique.
And it really destroyed the credibility of the Portuguese, the last people in Europe really to defend their colonial empire. It made him very unpopular in certain circles at the time. The expertise that Hastings brought to what he did was quite exceptional, and this history is just entrancing. Can you tell me a bit about Christianity in Africa? They more or less got on with being Christian, without much contact with the outside world, for centuries, and became pretty odd in the process.
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Then he starts showing the reader how from that initial mission from outside, Africans took over and made this religion their own. The Christian Church is an important part, then, of the history of Africa as a whole? It is absolutely central over the last years. Africa has become half a Christian continent and half an Islamic continent. People trusted them more than the politicians.
So that is the future of Africa now. You see African church leaders getting involved in politics in ways I would normally profoundly disapprove of, and which I do think are potentially very dangerous for their moral integrity. But they represent a much more authentic leadership than some of the terrible, corrupt leaders of the s and 70s.
They were the churches of Syria, the coast of the Eastern Mediterranean, and they spread, not westwards into the Mediterranean, but eastward into what is now Iraq, Iran, then to Central Asia and finally to China, possibly Korea and certainly Japan. They did this by the 7th century. In other words, when Bede was writing in England, there were Christian bishops in the Chinese empire.
This historian, Christoph Baumer, has produced a beautiful picture book. It is a Christianity which is, in many ways, closer to the Christianities of the generations after Jesus Christ. Whether that is more authentic is debatable, but it is a Christianity that rejected a lot of what the churches of the Mediterranean said Christianity was. There was a huge council of the Church, within the Empire, at a place called Chalcedon in AD, which established what imperial Christians wanted to say about Jesus Christ.
Those eastern Churches could easily have been the future of the Church, and the centre of Christianity could well have been Baghdad and not Rome — because the bishops of this Church of the East had just as many people under their pastoral care in the 7th and 8th centuries as did the Bishop of Rome. If one of these bishops had converted a Chinese emperor as Constantine the Roman emperor was converted, you could have got a completely different future of Christianity. But the coming of Islam prevented that. This Church of the East tried to keep them more separate.
One consequence of that is that they had a rather optimistic view of human nature. Get the weekly Five Books newsletter. Get the daily schedule and tools your student needs for Literature and Language Arts for the entire year. An 8-million copy best-selling book of evidences concerning Jesus' deity, His resurrection, and His legitimate claim on a person's life. Written for a popular non-Christian audience, this book is a wonderful resource for Christians.
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A necessary antidote to the negative views common in today's society. The inspiring, tragic, almost universally untold story of the church begun by the "Parthians, Medes, Elamites, [and] residents of Mesopotamia" who were in Jerusalem on the day of Pentecost Acts ; a church whose missionary enterprise swept across Asia, reaching India, China, and possibly even Japan by the mids. Emphasis on Protestant missions in the last years. Two thousand years of church history organized chronologically by events and movements, with special emphasis on people.
Written in a readable, journalistic style. Includes pictures of major figures in church history. The second book in the series following the lives of the brothers of St. Alcuin, a medieval monastery. This series explores the love of God for man, as well as the love between brothers in Christ. See how monastic life reflects the human struggle of every person who desires to love God and walk in grace.
The first book in the series set in a medieval monastery and following the lives of the brothers of St. A love story about God and man, as well as the love between brothers in Christ, the tale of monastic life reflects the human struggle of every person who desires to love God and receive grace. A story about growing through the pain of betrayal and loss. Jeff's family is dysfunctional, but not as he had initially imagined.