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Henry V (16 September – 31 August ), also called Henry of Monmouth, was King of England from until his death in He was the second.
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The Dauphin, Louis of Guyenne, swiftly took over the government. The Orleanists returned to the city in triumph.


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T his was the situation when Henry V launched his first invasion of France in The English had captured Harfleur in September after a siege of a month, but their battle casualties and losses to disease were so heavy that Henry was forced to abandon the campaign and return to England. Instead of re-embarking at Harfleur, however, he resolved upon a show of force, by marching across northern France and re-embarking at Calais.

His plan was to outrun the French and reach Calais before they could concentrate their forces against him.

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Henry, however, was outmanoeuvred at every point by the French Constable, Charles of Albret. They chose to fight on a confined site, which made it impossible for them to take advantage of their superior numbers.


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    7. They also put all the commanders in the front line, so that the rear echelons were left without leaders or orders. T he only military consequence of the French defeat was that the English were able to escape back to England. But the political impact was enormous. Almost the entire leadership of their party was killed or captured. The Duke of Burgundy had stayed away because the Dauphin had refused to cede power to him.

    Nor is there any word about the civil war. M ost remarkably, the play jumps straight from the Battle of Agincourt to the treaty of Troyes, five years later, the notorious instrument by which Charles VI, now a pawn of the Burgundians, agreed to disinherit his son and adopt the English king as his heir. Shakespeare treats it as the consequence of the battle. Shakespeare was well aware of all this.

    He thereby missed a whole dimension of this great human tragedy. Two years after that his son, Louis X died, aged 26, after a strenuous game of tennis.

    His son, John I, born five months later, lived only five days, and in the next 12 years the last direct male descendants of Philippe also died. Navarre and England, however, were equally unacceptable, and Philippe de Valois, a cousin of the last king [Charles IV], was crowned instead. A large slice of the money needed to pay for the French campaigns was raised by loans rather than taxes. In May Henry sent letters appealing for money to individuals, and to towns.

    The True Story of King Henry V of England - Subject of New Netflix Biopic

    Typically a town would decide on the amount of the loan, and then every citizen would be assessed to contribute even a few pennies to the sum agreed. Royal jewels, plate and regalia were handed out as security for repayment. Not only did this raise a large amount of money, but it meant almost everyone had an interest in the outcome of the French wars. He was lord mayor of London three times. In fact there were three different dauphins over this period. The first was Louis of tennis ball fame, who, though kept away from the battle of Agincourt, died soon after, possibly of dysentery or pneumonia.

    King Henry V

    Louis was followed by his brother John, who was the son-in-law of the Burgundian leader, John the Fearless. This dauphin died suddenly in April , some said by poison, and he was succeeded by his last remaining brother, Charles, who after the death of Henry V, and with a great deal of help from his mother-in-law, Yolande of Aragon, finally became Charles VII in The French plan at Agincourt was to use massed cavalry to charge down the English archers. Henry V learnt of this from a French prisoner some days before the battle, and immediately took steps to counter it: every archer was to drive a sharpened stake into the ground in front of him on the battlefield to stop a charging horse.

    The French commander, Marshal Boucicaut, had earlier fought against the Turks at the battle of Nicopolis, and had seen a cavalry charge halted by a similar mass of sharpened stakes. He had written an account of this and it is possible that either Henry himself, or perhaps one of his commanders, Edward Duke of York, had read it and remembered the effectiveness of the tactic. There are no reliable figures for the size of the French army at Agincourt, but they numbered many thousands, and in their eagerness to get at the English most of the leading figures were crammed into the front ranks.

    When the action was triggered by a flight of arrows from the English side, the French charged forward in accordance with their battle plan. Funnelled into a narrower part of the field where Henry had taken up his position, the French were crammed together, and though many did not reach the English ranks, many more did.

    King Henry V

    As these were cut down, those pressing behind climbed over them, and anyone who slipped or fell in the muddy ground had little chance of getting up again. As the battle progressed the pile of bodies rose higher, and any who were wounded or simply knocked over were crushed beneath the weight of those coming behind. Very few were found alive when the heaps of bodies were at last unpicked after the battle.

    Sieges were dangerous places for both those inside and out: insanitary conditions and a shortage of fresh water frequently led to outbreaks of dysentery among the besieged and the besiegers, and it is likely that Henry contracted his final illness at the siege of Meaux — though it took some time to weaken him and claim his life.

    His body was brought back to England for burial, and after considerable ceremony he was laid to rest behind the altar in Westminster Abbey, close to his hero Edward the Confessor, and within yards of the tomb of Richard II.

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    A magnificent chapel was erected around him, and a life-sized effigy placed on the tomb with a head of solid silver. Sadly the silver was stolen in the 16th century, and the later Tudor building dwarfs his resting place. Thousands of tourists pass the spot without realising he is there, and all that can be seen of the effigy is the soles of its feet. November 1, at am. The battle of Agincourt. The liberation of Auschwitz, 75 years on: what happened and how do we remember the Holocaust? General ancient history.

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