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Just Thinking about Science Triggers Moral Behavior basic science, while accusations of politically motivated research fly from left and right.
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The New Science of Morality

Durwin, now a law student at Hofstra University, are the first to directly investigate the question. In one experiment, a street canvasser attempted to solicit donations from passersby for a charity that aids impoverished children. Participants in one set were asked a leading question to prime a belief in moral realism: "Do you agree that some things are just morally right or wrong, good or bad, wherever you happen to be from in the world?

In this experiment, participants primed with realism were twice as likely to be donors, compared to those primed with antirealism or not primed at all. A second experiment, conducted online, yielded similar results. Participants asked to donate money to a charity of their choice who were primed with realism reported being willing to give more than those primed with antirealism or not primed at all. Considering the existence of non-negotiable moral facts may have raised the stakes and motivated participants to behave better.

Since "real" moral stakes may be accompanied by "real" consequences -- whether good e.


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The researchers note that priming a belief in moral realism may enhance moral behavior under certain conditions -- such as when the right thing to do is relatively unambiguous e. A different outcome could be possible when subjects are faced with more controversial moral issues, they say. Liane Young's research frequently focuses on the psychology and neuroscience of moral judgment and behavior. Sloan Foundation, and was named a Dana Neuroscience Scholar by the Dana Foundation, which also awarded her a three-year grant to support her study of brain activity and moral decision-making in individuals with autism, a project that will provide a valuable research opportunity for BC undergraduates.

Her research on attributions of responsibility to groups e. Materials provided by Boston College. Note: Content may be edited for style and length. The ones that are well-organized and follow effective behavior change models show the best results.

Can Science Determine Moral Values?

Here are the results of a recently published evaluation. The 1, employees at this worksite reported their health behaviors at baseline, one year, and two years after the program began. Source: Population Health Management article. Just about anybody can have healthy behaviors for a few days or weeks. The key is to maintain healthy behaviors for years. As soon as you stop having healthy behaviors you stop getting the benefits. I like studies that go out for two years because the results are pretty conclusive by that time.

If you can get your employees to participate in a good wellness program chances are they will adopt and maintain healthy behaviors for years to come. Wellness programs can also help alleviate depression and the symptoms of depression as well as improve life satisfaction.

Morality and Evolutionary Biology (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)

Even the American Heart Association has completed an extensive review of the ability of wellness programs to improve health and reduce cardiovascular risk. Others have evaluated all of the research and reported that wellness programs, do in fact, have the ability to improve employee health. In researchers completed one of the most rigorous and comprehensive reviews of wellness programs.

This study is called the Rand Report. Here is what the authors concluded:. We find that workplace wellness programs can help contain the current epidemic of lifestyle-related diseases, the main driver of premature morbidity and mortality as well as health care cost in the United States. The foundation of any good wellness program must be focused on helping employees adopt healthy behaviors. Elevated blood glucose, high blood cholesterol, and high blood pressure are almost all caused by unhealthy diets and lack of physical activity. Eating and exercising are behaviors.

A randomized clinical trial was designed to help people improve their nutrition and physical activity. When researchers looked at the results, they were stunned to learn that in as little as six weeks health risks could improve dramatically. Those who maintained healthy behaviors experience lower health risks for six weeks, six months, 12 months, and even out to 18 months after this program began.

When you change your diet, get active, and avoid tobacco, really good things happen. Boise School District is a WellSteps client and not long ago we published the results of their changes in health risks. After one year, a lot of employees who had elevated health risks at baseline, had reached healthy risk levels.

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Source: JOEM. Reductions in elevated health risks are important. Low health risks are the foundation of good health, and wellness programs are a great way to help employees and their spouses avoid elevated health risks. There are hundreds of research papers that evaluated the ability of wellness programs to reduce elevated health risks. One particular study looking at almost , wellness participants and showed that 5 0f 7 health risks improved after one year.

Another researcher looked at all of the published studies to get a consensus. This review showed that comprehensive wellness programs will have a significant impact on elevated health risks. There is one weakness that almost all wellness programs have. After 30 years of evaluating dozens and dozens of programs it has become clear that it is difficult to impossible to get large groups of employees to reach and maintain a healthy body weight.

The obesity epidemic is caused by a variety of cultural factors and helping employees lose weight has proven to be exceptionally difficult. While the research suggests that helping people improve blood cholesterol, blood pressure, and blood glucose is possible, helping people lose weight and keep the weight off has proven to be hard to do. Just take a look at the body mass index BMI data in the table above. Those who are obese do lose some weight after a few years but not very much.

There is some hope. Recently, the RAND study showed some promising results:. If the focus of your wellness program is to help individuals reach and maintain a healthy body weight you should prepare yourself to be disappointed. The unhealthy culture that surrounds most of us makes it extremely difficult to lose weight, in fact, most people in the United States and in the industrialized world gain weight every year.

Wellness programs are very effective at reducing elevated health risks like blood pressure, glucose, and cholesterol. But they are not very effective at helping people lose weight. Wellness programs may not help your employees reach a healthy body weight but it looks like they are helping your employees to stop gaining weight. There are almost different studies that have looked at the financial impact of wellness programs. These studies are not easy to do, they require extremely complicated ROI analyses, and they take years to complete.

In , a comprehensive review on the financial impact of worksite wellness programs was published. That study reviewed different research papers.

Moral Development in Business Ethics: An Examination and Critique

The ability of a wellness program to reduce healthcare costs depends upon how effective the program really is. Having an occasional lunch and learn about nutrition or just doing a biometric screening will not be enough to move the healthcare cost needle. Comprehensive worksite wellness programs that improve employee behaviors will see a bending of the healthcare cost trend.

Most often they will discover that the savings from program participation will be greater than the actual cost of the program. Almost everyone of these return on investment ROI studies show a positive return on investment. Researchers from Harvard recently published another summary of the wellness ROI research. Among the 22 different studies that looked at wellness programs and healthcare costs, the average return on investment was 3.

Last year researchers evaluated the impact of the WellSteps wellness program at a large school district.