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This part of the world is of great religious importance for Christianity, Judaism and Islam. In this gallery LiveScience takes a look at seven amazing archaeological discoveries made in the region, some very recently. The finds date from the Early Bronze Age more than 4, years ago up to the time the Byzantine Empire controlled the Holy Land, about 1, years ago.

In two silver mini scrolls actually amulets in antiquity were discovered at Ketef Hinnom, an archaeological site that now has been incorporated into the Menachem Begin Heritage Center in Jerusalem. Dating to around 2, years ago they are written in paleo-Hebrew and contain the oldest biblical passage that survives to present day, part of a priestly blessing found in Numbers The amulets say that Yahweh is stronger than evil and a "rebuker of evil.

Khirbet Qeiyafa flourished almost 3, years ago and is located about 19 miles 30 kilometers southwest of Jerusalem. A casemate city wall with two gates surrounds the 6-acre 2. The site may also have played an important role during Israel's "United Monarchy" period and, in July , researchers announced they had identified a structure more than 10, square feet 1, square meters in size as a palace that may have been used by King David himself.

In , researchers reported the discovery of a massive stone cairn beneath the waters of the Sea of Galilee.

Catalog Record: Palestine, or, The Holy land. From the | HathiTrust Digital Library

Rising 32 feet 10 meters off the seafloor the structure has a diameter of feet 70 m , twice the size of the outer circle of tonehenge. He had been put on the throne of Judaea only after considerable Jewish blood had been shed by Roman forces. Added to this, his lineage was far from pure.

Worst of all, Herod rode roughshod over the customs and laws of the Jewish religion.

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Herod carefully cultivated his image as a sophisticate steeped in Greco-Roman culture. If the writers of the New Testament saw him as a tyrant, Herod saw himself as the paragon of refinement. He befriended leading Roman figures, showering them with invitations to his palaces in Jerusalem and Jericho. The succession of gentile nobles, philosophers, historians, poets, and playwrights flowing through the royal court rankled with the Sadducees and the Essenes, the principal Jewish sects concentrated in and around Jerusalem.


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  3. Palestine; Or, the Holy Land. from the Earliest Period to the Present Time.
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In some ways, both groups were very different: The Sadducees represented the establishment, holding high religious office in the Temple, while the Essenes were an apocalyptic sect who wanted to see Judaism purified and reformed. Even so, both believed that the king was intentionally corrupting Jewish customs within his court. State affairs were delegated to those officials with a Greek education. When the king did carry out religious acts, his pious critics remained unconvinced.

Herod knew that ruling Judaea was impossible without the consent of the influential Pharisees, whom he carefully courted with various concessions. He was able to keep them just about on side, but he would never win their total trust or loyalty.

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Built between 22 and 10 B. It was constructed around an artificial harbor, protected with concrete breakwaters. This remarkable feat of engineering was the base of the Herodian fleet, which the king placed entirely at the service of Rome. Every five years, Herod organized gladiatorial fights, dedicated to Augustus and his wife Livia, and where foreign dancers almost outnumbered the guests.

Magnificent prizes were awarded to the winners, and rumors of wild, orgiastic parties circulated.

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The Jewish authorities looked on the excess with deep disapproval. They saw gladiatorial fighting as fundamentally immoral, believing that all human life belonged to the Most High. If Caesarea—officially the Judaean capital from 6 B. Begun in 20 B. Herod sought to exalt the Jewish faith, yet did so using Hellenic architects. Having spent large sums of money on the building of Caesarea, and perhaps seeing himself as the descendant of King David, Herod, it was said, secretly accompanied workmen to rob the tomb.

The historian Josephus recounts how, on entering, they found that nothing remained of the riches.

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His contribution to the material culture of Judaea was unprecedented. He built the fortresses of Masada and Herodium, as well as ensuring a water supply for Jerusalem.

Using his contacts with Rome during the famine of B. This block will remain in place until legal guidance changes.

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