Manual Crushing States Sovereignty: Iraq Project

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Table of contents

• Peter Gowan, The Gulf War, Iraq and Western Liberalism, NLR I/, May–June
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• The Gulf War, Iraq and Western Liberalism
• Ancient Iraqi city of Babylon designated UNESCO World Heritage Site

Most significantly, the protesters targeted political parties backed by Iran. On videos , protesters accused these parties of being part of an Iranian agenda that is strangling the Iraq economy, cutting off electricity and water and sponging up Iraqi oil while the locals suffer.

But there are serious concerns about where this money is going. Without meddling in the country, Washington can find ways to support residents in the south and anti-Iranian groups. It can work to monitor and expose the ways that oil, water and electricity are being siphoned off to Iran, and examine the degree of Iranian influence over the nascent coalition government. Specifically, Washington can work more closely with the Kurdistan region in the north, a safe and more stable area in Iraq.

Since the Peshmerga were forced out of Kirkuk last year by the Iraqi central government, instability has returned to the area. Near-daily attacks make the road from Kirkuk to Baghdad unsafe. Instead, Baghdad sends them to confront protesters. Attacks by the Islamic State group and other armed factions in Syria and Iraq prompted that vote.

Trump warned in a social media post Saturday that Iranian cultural sites could be targeted by the U. He was already attacking our Embassy, and preparing for additional hits in other locations.

Iran has been nothing but problems for many years. The USA wants no more threats! Where are they now? Trump first mentioned cultural sites as targets Saturday in a tweet. The move raised concerns within his administration and would be considered a war crime under international law, The Associated Press reported. Officials in Tehran said in a statement that it would no longer abide by the agreement, The New York Times reported. The government added it would no longer limit its enrichment of uranium, the newspaper reported. Qassem Suleimani in Baghdad on Friday.

The move means training local forces in both countries will be halted, The New York Times reported. The vote is not final until Prime Minister Adel Abdul Mahdi signs the draft bill, the newspaper reported. Earlier Sunday, Mahdi indicated he would, recommending the action to Parliament after President Donald Trump ordered a fatal drone strike Friday against Gen.

Qassem Suleimani in Baghdad. S troops from the country. Iraqi Prime Minister Adel Abdul Mahdi recommended to Parliament that the government establish a timetable for the exit of foreign troops, including the U. Qassem Soleimani, as he traveled in a convoy Friday near the Baghdad airport. If they attack again, which I would strongly advise them not to do, we will hit them harder than they have ever been hit before! If Iran attacks an American Base, or any American, we will be sending some of that brand new beautiful equipment their way The move was made to ensure the safety of several hundred mission members, the newspaper reported.

According to The Associated Press , the majority of mourners were men in black military fatigues carrying Iraqi flags and the flags of Iran-backed militias loyal to Soleimani. An official with the U. Meanwhile, another 3, troops have been sent to neighboring Kuwait, the AP reported. Many of the mourners were dressed in black and carried Iraqi flags and the flags of Iran-backed militias that are fiercely loyal to Gen. Iran has promised to seek revenge for a U.

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Update 7 p. The Iran-backed Popular Mobilization Forces confirmed the strike, saying it hit one of its medical convoys near the stadium in Taji, north of Baghdad. The group said none of its top leaders were killed. The official spoke on condition of anonymity. Original Report: For more than two decades, Gen. The attack comes days after an American contractor was killed near Kirkuk, Iraq, and four U. Following the attack that killed the American contractor, a strike by U. But we cannot put the lives of American service members, diplomats and others further at risk by engaging in provocative and disproportionate actions.

America — and the world — cannot afford to have tensions escalate to the point of no return. Further, this action was taken without the consultation of the Congress. Congratulations to all involved in eliminating Qassem Soleimani. Long in the making, this was a decisive blow against Iran's malign Quds Force activities worldwide. Hope this is the first step to regime change in Tehran. Skip to content. Share Share Share. Here are the latest updates: Content Continues Below.

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi announced the planned vote Wednesday. Trump realDonaldTrump January 9, Trump is expected to speak at 11 a.

Other Iraqis oppose U. These various views are rooted in competing Iraqi visions for their government and for Iraq's relations with its neighbors and other foreign governments. The Trump Administration, like its predecessors, has articulated a vision for U. Legislation before th Congress reflects the Administration's overarching commitment to work with and through Iraq's national government, while seeking to ensure or promote the protection and provision of aid to some specific sub-state groups, including Kurds, Sunni Arabs, and religious and ethnic minorities.

Congress is engaged in oversight of U. The Trump Administration's FY budget requests for Iraq continue an established pattern of proposing a mix of loan and grant assistance, in addition to U. This approach reflects legislative-executive consensus that since Iraq is a major oil exporter, it should be relatively financially self-sufficient over the long term, limiting the need for U. As remaining IS strongholds are retaken, policymakers are shifting toward consideration of a redefined U. Secretary of Defense Mattis reportedly has discussed terms for a continued U.

The Trump Administration considers current U. It is unclear whether the Trump Administration envisions a partnership with Iraq that would allow U. As noted above, the U. As Iraqis debate issues in the run-up to planned elections, candidates seeking to strengthen their nationalist credentials or undermine rivals may grow more critical of the presence of foreign military forces, including U.

Some Iraqis, including Shia militia groups with ties to Iran, remain highly critical of the U. The United States protected Kurdish-populated areas of northern Iraq as they developed autonomous political institutions in the s, with U. From to , U. Since , the KRG, Kurdish security forces, and other subnational entities such as Sunni tribal militia have benefitted from U. As the KRG prepared for the September 25 advisory referendum on independence, latent Iraqi sensitivities about the KRG's foreign ties and activities became more pronounced.

In parallel, U. Iraqi officials have not yet publicly expressed concern about U. Under such circumstances, the government of Iraq might seek to place limitations on the delivery of U. To date, the United States has emphasized the importance of providing support to inclusive security forces under central government command, maintained support for forces affiliated with the KRG on these terms, and sought to preserve Iraq's political and territorial unity pursuant to its constitution.

The Trump Administration has given no public indication that this position could change. Appropriations legislation for FY P. The executive branch has obtained commitments from Iraq's government regarding sharing of the proceeds of U. In , Congress also conditionally authorized the potential provision of U. Iran's security interests continue to dictate a close interest in Iraq's regional orientation and foreign policies, and Iran's current leadership actively seeks to shape developments in Iraq for ideological and strategic reasons.

Close cultural and religious ties have linked communities in what is now Iran with predominantly Shia areas of what is now southern Iraq for centuries. Southern Iraq is home to several historical sites and shrines of importance to Shia Muslims, and transnationally prominent Shia clerics are based in Najaf, a major Shia theological center. Iraq's Shia Arab majority shares religious ties with Iran's majority Shia population, but believers in the two countries differ in their associations with individual religious leaders and over the role of religious leaders in governing.

Some Iraqi Shia embrace the Islamic Republic of Iran's velayat-e-faqih rule of the jurisprudent theory of religious governance, even though most prominent senior Iraq-based Shia clerics and their followers do not support the Iranian model. Iranian relations with parties and leaders in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq have played a role in Iran's competition for regional influence with Turkey and in its management of its own Kurdish minority population. State-to-state confrontation characterized Iraq-Iran ties for much of the last 40 years, and the two countries fought a destructive, nearly decade-long war during the s.

Patronage relationships between the Islamic Republic of Iran and several Iraqi Shia parties and leaders date to the Saddam Hussein era, when Iran hosted and supported several Iraqi Shia oppositionists. Since Saddam's ouster in , Iran's influence in Iraq has grown through new state-to-state ties and through new and legacy partnerships with select Iraqi politicians and militia groups, not all of whom are Shia.

Iran has supported armed groups in post-Saddam Iraq, including some groups that attacked and killed U. Since , new energy production and commercial links have helped to bind the two countries, and Iran has used Iraqi fighters and territory to bolster its own support for the Asad government in Syria. Iranian leaders responded quickly to the Islamic State's summer offensive, sending weapons and advisors to Iraq while post-election leadership negotiations among Iraqis were still ongoing.

Senior Iraqi officials, including Prime Minister Abadi, praise Iran for supporting Baghdad in its war against the Islamic State since , even as some also express concern about Iranian influence and support to some armed sub-state groups. Iraqi security officials acknowledge the presence in Iraq of Iranian advisers and rhetorically equate the presence of Iranian personnel with the presence of other countries' advisors as invited and officially approved guests of the sovereign Iraqi government.

To date, Prime Minister Abadi and other Iraqis have rejected requests by some Iran-linked militia leaders and fighters to formally pursue the fight against the Islamic State across Iraq's western border in Syria.