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Home for sermons and messages by John Piper, founder and teacher for leondumoulin.nl and long-time pastor of Bethlehem Baptist Church, Minneapolis.
Table of contents
Some terms are distinctive to a religious tradition but are not very common even within that tradition. This pattern is especially pronounced in mainline Protestant and Catholic sermons: These two groups are, respectively, 39 percentage points and 40 percentage points more likely to mention a book of the New Testament than to mention a book of the Old Testament by name in any given sermon.
Worship Videos
References to books of the Bible also vary over time. For more details on how the database was built and the natural language processing tools used in the analysis, see the Methodology. All of the sermons analyzed in this report were shared publicly on church websites, or on services — such as YouTube — that were linked from those websites. In some cases, congregational websites made some attempt to prevent the sermons they share online from being viewed or downloaded by nonmembers — for instance, by storing them in a hard-to-reach database or behind a login screen.
The Center made absolutely no attempt to access these sermons, even when it would have been possible. Nevertheless, the nearly 50, sermons collected in this analysis offer a window into the messages that millions of Americans hear from pulpits across the country.
100 Sermons
The view is limited and does not come close to revealing all the meaningful communications between American clergy and their congregations, but it is an attempt to look systematically and objectively at a large portion of those communications. This research also builds on earlier computational research on religion, such as a study analyzing the sermons that pastors share in text form on dedicated sermon hosting sites like SermonCentral. The rest of this report takes a closer look at the findings from the new analysis, including differences across major Christian traditions in the content and length of sermons as well as their most common biblical citations.
To collect the sermons analyzed in this report, data scientists deployed a custom-built computer program a web scraper to the public websites of 38, American churches. Thus, the churches can be considered representative of all Christian churches with English-language websites listed on Google Maps. The scraper automatically navigated through the website of each church, using machine learning technology to find any pages with sermons in audio, video or text form. The scraper then downloaded each sermon along with the date it was delivered, and, if necessary, transcribed it from audio to text using automated methods.
If churches shared sermons somewhere other than their websites — such as on Facebook accounts or in printed hard copy form — those sermons could not be included in this research. The resulting database contains the text of 49, sermons shared by 6, U. All the sermons were delivered between April 7 and June 1, , a period that included some of Lent, Easter Sunday and several weeks following Easter.
However, only four broad traditions were numerous enough in the sermons dataset to be analyzed and broken out separately in this report: Catholic, evangelical Protestant, mainline Protestant and historically black Protestant. The final dataset includes sermons publicly posted on the websites of 2, evangelical Protestant congregations, 1, mainline Protestant congregations, Catholic parishes and historically black Protestant congregations.
Doxa Church: Bellevue, WA > Sermons
The remaining congregations could not be reliably classified, belong to other Christian traditions such as Orthodox Christian denominations or belong to other faiths; their sermons are not described separately, though they are included in the overall analysis of all sermons online, and they are counted in the total figures. It is not, however, representative of all sermons delivered in U.
See the Appendix for more details on how the congregations included in this study differ from congregations nationwide. See the Methodology for additional technical information on how this study was conducted. Among sermons shared in video or audio format in a sufficiently high-quality file that the Center could determine their length, the median sermon in this dataset runs 37 minutes in length.
However, the length of a typical sermon varies widely among churches in different religious traditions. The median sermon collected from the website of a historically black Protestant church 54 minutes is more than three times as long as the median Catholic homily which runs just 14 minutes. Evangelical and mainline Protestant sermons fall somewhere in between: Sermons found on the websites of evangelical churches run a median of 39 minutes, fully 14 minutes longer than those collected from mainline Protestant churches 25 minutes.
These findings largely hold true when word count, rather than duration, is used to measure the length of sermons. This suggests that there may be more time in sermons delivered at historically black Protestant congregations during which the preacher is not speaking, such as musical interludes, pauses between sentences or call and response with people in the pews.
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Certain words and phrases appear consistently across the sermons of all Christian traditions, while other expressions are more commonly used in certain traditions. To simplify the analysis and to avoid repeated mentions of similar words or phrases, each remaining word was then converted to its root. The statistics in this section speak to the share of all churches in which a particular word or phrase appeared in a sermon at least once during the study period, rather than the share of all sermons that contain that term.
This is because sermon-level statistics would offer few clues as to whether a particular phrase crops up at least occasionally in a large percentage of churches, or whether that phrase appears in a large number of sermons delivered at a small percentage of all churches. Across the four largest U. Christian traditions, the most commonly used words in online sermons are simple, broadly applicable terms.
These rates vary by only a small margin across Christian traditions. In addition to calculating the most common terms across Christian traditions, researchers also identified the words and phrases that congregations of each major Christian tradition were disproportionately likely to hear in sermons, compared with congregations in the other traditions.
Some of the findings are commonsensical. Certain expressions may be distinctive to the sermons of a particular Christian tradition but not especially common even within that tradition. Evangelical sermons are an especially notable example of this phenomenon. Evangelical sermons contain a number of distinctive words and phrases relating to sin, punishment and redemption.
However, a congregant who attended every service at a given evangelical church in the dataset had a roughly one-in-ten chance of hearing one of those terms at least once during the study period.
Bible Study
In addition to being less common overall, the most distinctively evangelical terms also are less distinctive than those of other Christian traditions. In each case, evangelical churches were about three times as likely as others to have these words in their sermons. Beyond that, the language that most distinguishes sermons in mainline Protestant churches seems to center around biblical stories.
Researchers identified biblical citations by looking for the names of books, Gospels, or epistles of the Bible.
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To compile this list of books, the Center used the five versions of the Bible most commonly read aloud in U. These searches were case-insensitive. In contrast to the preceding analysis, this section of the report is based on sermons, rather than churches. Because almost every congregation in the dataset heard at least one sermon that mentioned books from both the New and Old Testaments during the study period, using the percentage of sermons as a frame of reference allows for a more revealing assessment of differences across religious traditions.
In addition, these findings may be influenced by the method used to identify references to the Old and New Testaments, as well as the ways that different churches share elements of their services online.
Table of Contents
Motivations, Feast of the Epiphany - January 6, Love Defeats Evil, Christmas 2 - January 5, What's in a Name? The Same Story, Christmas 1 - December 29, Upcoming Bible Study. Bible Study: Epiphany 3 A - January 26, Bible Study: Epiphany 2 A - January 19, Bible Study: Epiphany 1 A - January 12, Bible Study: Christmas 2 - January 5, Bible Study: Christmas 1 - December 29, Bible Study: Advent 4 A - December 22, Bible Study: Advent 3 A - December 15,
