Manual Motor Cycling - A History of the Early Motorcycle

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Jump to First motorcycle companies - In , Hildebrand & Wolfmüller became the first series production motorcycle, and the first to be called a motorcycle (German: Motorrad). In the early period of motorcycle history, many producers of bicycles adapted their designs to accommodate the new internal combustion engine.‎History of the motorcycle · ‎Types of motorcycles · ‎Legal definition of motorcycle.
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By the Second World War, production motorcycle speeds were reaching miles per hour, such as the unbelievably expensive Brough Superior — manufactured in Nottingham, England — which was a favourite of T. Lawrence or Lawrence of Arabia. Lawrence ultimately died of injuries from a crash while riding his beloved Brough.


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Another world war saw motorbikes in combat, and later gave rise to a new culture where motorbikes were used for recreation and to project a certain lifestyle. Motorcycles were being designed to cater to an image as well as a function, and they got bigger, meaner, louder and faster than ever before. Last year, four million motorcycles were in use in the United States alone.

Whether relied upon as a primary means of transportation, used to provide weekend recreation, souped up and sped along for racing, or displayed as antique, millions of people across the world have shown that the novelty most definitely has not worn off. As might be imagined, the motorcycle evolved from a vehicle powered by sheer human energy—the bicycle.

History of Motorcycles

French bicycle maker Pierre Michaux and his sons Ernest and Henri first fitted a bicycle with cranks and pedals—precursors to the modern-day motor—in The Michauxes' velocipede was an instant hit and the family became the largest velo producer in Europe with a large factory at Bar-le-Duc in France. Working with Michaux, L. Perreaux devised a steam-powered motorcycle engine, called a velo-a-vapeur, which was patented in Sylvester Howard Roper of Roxbury, Massachusetts pioneered a similar invention in the United States around that time as well.

In , Giuseppe Munigotti of Italy patented the first gas-burning internal combustion four-stroke engine for the new motorcycles, although his invention existed only on paper. Meanwhile, two Germans, Dr. Nicolaus Otto and Eugen Langen were developing four-stroke stationary engines, which ran on coal gas supplied from mains. Gottlieb Daimler took the invention further by developing an engine that ran on benzine.

Since benzine could carry a vehicle approximately 25 miles on one gallon, only a small tank would need to be attached to the machine. Daimler later abandoned the motorcycle business to concentrate on another invention—the first automobile that became the basis for his company, Daimler Benz, maker of the luxury Mercedes Benz automobile.

Motorcycle

Several innovators improved upon these inventions over the next 30 years, and in the machine that is still regarded as Carl Hedstrom, a Swedish immigrant to the United States, developed the first modern motorcycle. Hedstrom fitted an Indian bicycle with a 1. Several other U. William Harley and Arthur Davidson were students in Milwaukee when they built their first motorcycle on a borrowed lathe from patterns they had made. Davidson's older brothers, both toolmakers, assisted, as did Ole Evinrude, who later became famous as a designer and producer of outboard motor boat engines.


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By , motorcycle manufacturers had begun to construct bulkier, sturdier frames, stronger wheels, bigger engines and reinforced forks for their bikes and a clear distinction between motorcycles and bicycles emerged. Around this time, the sidecar, affixed to a light, tubular frame extending from the main motorcycle frame, began to be popularized. Based on a similar accessory for the bicycle, his device allowed the driver of a motorcycle to carry a passenger.

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By , the focus was on power, and manufacturers begin to beef up their engines. That year, Hedstrom produced a machine boasting a cc twin engine that featured twist-grip control for the throttle and ignition. That same year saw the development of "free engine" devices, which eased the starting and launching of a machine, and variable gears, which eased use on hills and at slow speeds. Chain drive followed, and the stage was set for production of the motorcycle that is currently in use. Motorcycles continued to grow in popularity for decades, although production for civilians tapered off during World War II.

During World War II, however, a need arose for lightweight, collapsible models to be used by parachutists once they had landed. Royal Enfield produced a Flying Flea model for this purpose, while Excelsior came up with its Welbike, which could fit into a small air-drop container. The Honda Spacy, which was first released in , was popular among young females during that period for its body which allowed space for the rider to keep her purse, the only bike at that time which allowed that. Semi-automatic bikes with little storage space were the rage back then. The outfit typically includes a facemask that essentially blocks peripheral vision as well as sunglasses, a sight that is still all too common today.

The Honda Cub, a 50cc low-powered cruiser, was one of the more popular models available at that time when motorcycles were starting to gain popularity over bicycles. Image source: en. The rumbling sight of a Minsk terrorising the then quiet streets of Hanoi was probably a sign of things to come but the bike was certainly in a league of its own, being the only bike in Vietnam that had the State Quality Mark of the USSR. The bike was exceptionally popular in Vietnam.

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The country was the largest export market for the brand but due to some privatisation issues with the manufacturer, production was ceased in the s. However, production has resumed today, with the brand renamed M1NSK although you can still spot some of the old buffalos trotting the streets of Hanoi and Saigon today, with all the scars to prove their age.

Video source: Top Gear. Image source: ongvove. The s to s saw a vast majority of stylish, classy and functional European bikes where form and function co-existed in mechanical harmony. With the roads mostly filled with pedestrians, bicycles and cars, the likes of BMW bikes, Lambrettas and Vespas ran alongside them. Some of the bikes were vintage, even for those times, with the oldest BMW motorcycles dating back to the s.

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The Lambrettas and Vespas ruled the roads in the s and s which was also known as the Italian era. Despite government announcements to reduce the number of motorcycles on the road to ease traffic congestion, it seems motorcycles will be here to stay for a while more. The Ministry of Industry and Trade in , had forecast 36 million motorcycles on the road by However, there are already currently more than 45 million motorcycles across the country, 25 percent higher than what was forecasted.