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To be considered for this grant, please complete the Symposium Planning and Symposium Budget forms available below and submit to Sarah Devonshire at sarah gairdner. Download Application Forms. The Gairdner Foundation sadly marks the death of Dr. Sydney Brenner was recognized by many as the most influential molecular biologist of our time.
Born in South Africa, Brenner entered the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg at age 15, and pursued a PhD in physical chemistry at Oxford in the early s. In April , a carload of graduate students including Brenner drove to Cambridge to see the Crick-Watson model of DNA, and inspired by this transformative moment, Brenner embarked on a career in the new discipline of molecular biology. For these works he received his first Gairdner International Award in From the s on, Brenner focused on developmental and genetic biology, establishing the worm C. He joined the Gairdner Medical Advisory Committee in , serving for two full terms.
During this time Brenner contributed hugely to the annual selection process through his exceedingly broad knowledge of biomedical science. Sydney Brenner was a charismatic, eloquent speaker and visited some 15 Canadian universities for Gairdner. He spoke precisely and with few, if any, slides. Audiences remained riveted regardless of the length of his presentations, and Sydney also enjoying interspersing his wicked sense of humor. On the occasion of Gairdner and other meetings, my dinners with Sydney and his interesting repartee are remembered fondly by all in attendance.
Sydney Brenner was a great friend of the Canada Gairdners and the major thinker in molecular biology in the last 75 years. He will be greatly missed but in the history of biology his impact will remain for all time. Joining Gairdner for the announcement were awardees Dr. Connie Jean Eaves and Dr. Susan Band Horwitz who both addressed the audience to recount their research and speak about winning the Gairdner.
The other awardees participated in the announcement by video. Special thanks to the Dr.
In the News
Congratulations to the Canada Gairdner Award Laureates! The overall prize is also shared with Frances H. Through his work, Sir Gregory discovered how to create synthetic human antibodies against human targets in a way where they will not be rejected by the immune system. This advance has led to the development of modern treatments for inflammatory conditions, cancers and infectious diseases and has impacted human health worldwide.
Laureate Professor John Aitken
James Allison Nobel Prize in Medicine earlier this week. James P. Allison was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine this morning at an announcement held in Stockholm, Sweden. The approach, called immune checkpoint theory completely changed the way cancer is treated and managed.
Immune checkpoint theory opened a new field of cancer therapy and many patients are alive today because of the revolutionary idea.
Department of Chemistry
The Gairdner Foundation invites Quebec Universities and Research Institutes to submit proposals to host a partnered international symposium at the frontiers of biomedicine to be held in The Gairdner Foundation invites Ontario Universities, Organizations and Research Institutes to submit proposals to host a partnered international symposium on the frontiers of biomedicine to be held in Frances Shepherd and Dr.
Edward Boyden who both addressed the audience to recount their research and speak about winning the Gairdner. The other awardees participated in the announcement via webcast from around the world. Our outreach programs celebrate biomedical and global health research and also play a key role in inspiring the next generation to pursue careers in STEM.
Together, we have raised the profile of the Canada Gairdner Awards and the reputation of Canada as a leader in science and innovation. Click here to see the full media release. Click here to learn more. Take a sneak peek at the pictures of the evening below, and follow our Flickr account as we add more in the coming weeks. Jeffrey C. Hall , Michael Rosbash and Michael W. Young have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm.
Together, the trio discovered that our circadian clocks are regulated by a small group of genes that work at the level of the individual cell. Subtle mutations in any of these genes can accelerate or slow our daily rhythms. They worked with fruit flies to isolate a gene that controls normal daily biological rhythm and discovered that this gene encodes a protein that accumulates in the cell during the night and degrades during the day, eventually identifying the mechanism that governs the internal clockwork of the cell.
Their discoveries have far-reaching applications including sleep and appetite disorders and insights into the brain, liver, lungs and skin which use the same genetic mechanisms to control their rhythmic activities. Gairdner President and Scientific Director, Dr. Janet Rossant received an honorary degree, Doctor of Science from Cambridge University this month for her contributions to stem cell biology and scientific research.
Her citation read:. This is Dr. Rossant said. Pictured above is Dr. Rossant with her two PhD supervisors, Dr. Martin Johnson and Dr. Richard Gardner. The Gairdner Foundation invites Ontario Universities and Research Institutes to submit proposals to host a partnered international symposium at the frontiers of biomedicine to be held in More information:. This 6 -or month research programme is open to all areas of mathematics. It aims to support young researchers with a promising international career by providing them with the necessary means to develop profound and audacious research projects and to build their international recognition.
Successful candidates are offered very attractive salaries that largely cover the costs for a comfortable stay in Paris with their family if needed. The jury's expertise covers numerous mathematical fields. A specialist in algebraic geometry, he focuses his research on various aspects of birational geometry: geometric and arithmetic properties of rationally connected varieties, the minimal model program MMP and its applications to the classification of varieties, as well as stability questions.
The cause of this damage is however unknown. The major techniques employed were: i flow cytometry to study reactive oxygen species generation, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage, ii computeraided sperm analysis to measure spermmovement and iii inductively coupled mass spectrometry to determine the elemental composition of sperm preparation media. The results are of immediate relevance to the development of safe, effective protocols for the preparation of spermatozoa for ART purposes.
One of the authors R. He has no current financial interest in this area. None of the other authors have a conflict of interest to declare. One of the major causes of defective sperm function is oxidative stress, which not only disrupts the integrity of sperm DNA but also limits the fertilizing potential of these cell One of the major causes of defective sperm function is oxidative stress, which not only disrupts the integrity of sperm DNA but also limits the fertilizing potential of these cells as a result of collateral damage to proteins and lipids in the sperm plasma membrane.
The origins of such oxidative stress appear to involve the sperm mitochondria, which have a tendency to generate high levels of superoxide anion as a prelude to entering the intrinsic apoptotic cascade. Unfortunately, these cells have very little capacity to respond to such an attack because they only possess the first enzyme in the base excision repair BER pathway, 8-oxoguanine glycosylase 1 OGG1.
The latter successfully creates an abasic site, but the spermatozoa cannot process the oxidative lesion further because they lack the downstream proteins APE1, XRCC1 needed to complete the repair process. It is the responsibility of the oocyte to continue the BER pathway prior to initiation of S-phase of the first mitotic division. If a mistake is made by the oocyte at this stage of development, a mutation will be created that will be represented in every cell in the body.
Such mechanisms may explain the increase in childhood cancers and other diseases observed in the offspring of males who have suffered oxidative stress in their germ line as a consequence of age, environmental or lifestyle factors. The high prevalence of oxidative DNA damage in the spermatozoa of male infertility patients may have implications for the health of children conceivedin vitro and serves as a driver for current research into the origins of free radical generation in the germ line.
Human spermatozoa are highly complex specialized cells designed to survive a long and perilous journey from the site of insemination to the upper reaches of the female reproductiv Human spermatozoa are highly complex specialized cells designed to survive a long and perilous journey from the site of insemination to the upper reaches of the female reproductive tract where fertilization occurs. During this journey, these cells have to run the gauntlet laid down by the female immune system and time their physiological maturation so that as soon as an egg appears in the Fallopian tube, they are equipped to recognize this cell and participate in a remarkable cascade of cellular interactions culminating in fertilization.
Despite their high level of specialization, human spermatozoa are notoriously inadequate and appear to be major contributors to the poor fertility that characterizes our species. Defective spermatozoa are also known to have a major impact on the progress of pregnancy and the health trajectory of the offspring, resulting in paternally mediated increases in miscarriage rate and a range of diseases in the progeny, including dominant genetic diseases and cancer. The causes of defective sperm function are complex and involve both genetic and environmental impacts, aswell as paternal age.
Where genetic factors are involved, there is a concern that the widespread use of assisted conception technologies will serve to enhance the retention of poor fertility genes in the population such that the more we use assisted reproductive technologies in one generation the more we shall need them in the next. These observations may have important implications for the health and well-being of children and for the provision of reproductive healthcare services for future generations.
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During early development, apoptosis plays a major role in the ontogeny of the germ line as a means of regulating the germ cell:Sertoli cell ratio. In the adult, apoptosis fulfils In the adult, apoptosis fulfils another function in removing damaged germ cells from the seminiferous epithelium in response to a wide range of physiological and environmental triggers. These include various forms of electromagnetic radiation, chemotherapeutic agents and commonly encountered toxicants such as phthalate es-ters, bisphenol A and cadmium.
In addition, senescent mature spermatozoa can undergo a truncated form of apoptosis in order to ensure their efficient phagocytosis within the male and female reproductive tracts. This apoptotic cascade appears to be triggered by oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, which leads to activation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species ROS generation in a self-perpetuating redox cycle.
The electrophilic aldehydes generated as a result of lipid peroxidation also lead to a rapid loss of sperm motility followed some hours later by caspase activation and phosphatidylserine exposure on the sperm surface. The nuclear DNA suffers oxidative damage during this process but there is no immediate DNA cleavage by endonucleases as there is in somatic cells.
The reasons for this deviation from the normal pattern of apoptosis involve the unusual physical architecture of spermatozoa and the limited capacity these cells possess for base-excision repair. These findings have practical implications for the approaches that might be used to detect and prevent DNA damage in spermatozoa. Germline mutations have a tremendous impact on public health, since such damage is heritable, and thus transcends generations, as opposed to somatic mutations, which are confined Germline mutations have a tremendous impact on public health, since such damage is heritable, and thus transcends generations, as opposed to somatic mutations, which are confined to the individual Figure 3.
As recently as the mids, the prevailing view was that the male parent was an unlikely source of developmental defects. In the past decade, however, this notion has been seriously challenged. Several epidemiological studies demonstrate that paternal exposures can lead to germline mutations and a variety of developmental pathologies in offspring including spontaneous abortion, birth defects and childhood cancer.
Currently, there is increasing concern regarding the declining health of the human male reproductive system, and the possibility of environmental toxicants as a major culprit. There is evidence that suggests a progressive decline in overall semen quality in recent decades, at least in Northern Europe.
Sperm counts appear to be falling, and abnormal morphology is increasingly common. Other reproductive pathologies such as testicular cancer, hypospadias and cryptorchidism have risen with alarming rates in many highly industrialized areas, while cancers of the female reproductive tract cervix, uterus, and ovarian have remained relatively constant.
In particular, men who work and live in heavily polluted areas have a greater tendency to sire offspring that die in utero, who are malformed, or who are at increased risk of developing childhood cancers.
- The King In Yellow (Classic Novel).
- Professor Margaret Jolly - Researchers - ANU;
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Moreover, sperm chromosome abnormalities, pregnancy loss and birth defects occur with much higher frequency in humans than in other species Table 2.