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Gumshoe is a type of shoe, also known as galoshes. Gumshoe may also refer to: Gumshoe, a slang term for a private detective, from those that wore street.
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A soldier on leave, for instance, might well relish the chance to lounge around "in mufti" and not worry about polishing a lot of silly brass either literally or metaphorically. A "mufti" is a Muslim judge, from the Arabic word meaning "to give a legal decision," the same word that gave us "fatwa" or "fetwa" religious decree , brought to popular attention by the Iranian death sentence proclaimed against author Salman Rushdie a few years ago.
Just how an Arabic word for a Muslim jurist came to mean "casual dress" is a bit unclear. But experts theorize that the first use of "mufti" in English was in reference to the costumes used to portray Arab potentates in popular Western stage dramas in the 19th century. These getups were highly exotic and colorful, making "mufti" a fitting metaphor for a style of dress that was as un-military as possible.
Dear Word Detective: How are the meaning of "riddle" as "a puzzle or mystery" and "riddled" as in "full of holes" related? Good question, and it's a good thing that you titled your e-mail message "Riddled with holes" rather than simply "Riddle. I receive at least four or five questions about the notorious and odious "three words ending in gry" riddle every day, and I immediately forward such queries to the North Pole. Let Donner and Blitzen deal with them, I say.
By the way, anyone seeking an explanation of the "gry" riddle can find a passable one at www. Oddly enough, the "puzzle" sense of riddle and the "full of holes" sense are completely unrelated. The puzzle kind of "riddle" comes from the Old English word "raedels," which meant "opinion, conjecture or riddle. The "full of holes" sense of "riddle," however, comes from the Old English root "hrid," which meant "to shake.
Logically, the verb "to riddle" at first meant to sift something through a riddle. Ironically, a figurative sense of "riddle" appeared in the 17th century as writers spoke of "riddling out" clues or meaning from confusing evidence, which brought this "sieve" kind of "riddle" remarkably close to the unrelated "puzzle" sense. But by the mid's, "riddle" in the "sieve" sense was being used to mean making something look like a riddle by punching it full of holes. With the popularization of the machine gun in World War I, the unfortunate marriage of "riddled" and "bullets" was imprinted on popular speech, and the bucolic sense of "sifting grain" faded away.
Spondou, spondon't. Dear Word Detective: A friend mentioned the word "spondoulick" to me yesterday. She thinks it may be of Southern derivation, and it means "money. Well, it's news to me, but thanks to the Oxford English Dictionary, we can say with certainty that your friend is not pulling your leg. The first occurrence in print that the folks at Oxford have managed to uncover was in , and "spondulicks" or "spondulix" crops up in American literature fairly frequently up to the present day.
It even seems to have attained some currency across the big pond, as the last two citations listed in the OED are from the Courier-Mail newspaper in Brisbane, Australia and Private Eye, a London-based satirical magazine.
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Unfortunately, and I can hear the sound of a thousand "Rats! The Oxford English Dictionary asserts that the word is "Of fanciful origin," meaning that someone, somewhere, simply made it up, probably because he or she thought it sounded funny. That's almost certainly the case, but I do enjoy even though I do not believe the theory proposed by the late Eric Partridge, perhaps the foremost lexicographer of slang the English language has yet produced. Partridge traced "spondulicks" back to "spondulos," the Greek name of a species of seashell said to have been commonly used as currency in prehistoric societies.
Now, it is true, as Partridge notes, that seashells have been used, even relatively recently, as currency in various societies in Africa and Asia. But how the Greek name of a particular shell would suddenly crop up as slang for "money" in the Southern U.
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I suspect that what Mr. Partridge uncovered was a remarkable linguistic coincidence, and not the root of "spondulicks," which remains a mystery in my book. None of which explains bagpipes. Well, as I've said before, one of the things I enjoy most about writing this column is the opportunity it gives me to fill in the numerous gaps in my own education.
I've always been aware that English had two separate senses of the word "tattoo," one being the ink designs sailors traditionally sport on their hides, and the other sense having something to do with drums. But I'd never quite gotten around to looking into the connection between the two "tattoos" until now. This ignorance is not really my fault, by the way. I've been very busy ever since I was 12 years old.
In any case, having now done the requisite research, I am prepared to explain how the two "tattoos" are related. Which is to say that they aren't. They are two entirely different words with entirely different origins. I had always presumed that, since drums are or at least used to be made from animal hides, there was some sort of "skin" at the root of "tattoo," but apparently not.
The skin design kind of "tattoo" came pretty directly from the South Pacific, where "tatau" is the Polynesian word for this sort of ritual marking.
The other sort of "tattoo," which originally meant a drum beat used to recall soldiers to their quarters at the close of day, comes from the opposite side of the globe. In the 17th century, the Dutch word "taptoe" meant to close the tap of a cask of wine or beer, as at closing time in a tavern, and was also used as the equivalent of "be quiet" or "shut up. To swill, perchance to dream. Dear Word Detective: Having been a bartender for quite a few years, I have often wondered about a word that has been tossed at me many times by both sober and not-so-sober individuals, namely "booze.
I'm sure it would be an excellent "tip-getter. Before we begin, let me make sure I've got this straight. I'm supposed to research and explain the history of "booze," whereupon people give you money.
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Doesn't seem quite fair, somehow. I'm gonna call my agent. On the other hand, you're probably going to be earning those tips twice over just arguing against the erroneous stories your customers have heard about the origins of "booze. Booz," who produced whiskey in the Philadelphia area in the mid's. Evidently there was such a Mr.
Booz, and he did market his booze in a distinctive bottle shaped like a log cabin, but his name is not the source of our "booze. For that, we must travel back five hundred years before the advent of Mr. Booz, to around , when the Middle English word "bouse" appeared, meaning "to drink," especially to excess one of the synonyms listed in the Oxford English Dictionary is "to swill". We had borrowed "bouse" from the Dutch "busen," meaning "to drink much alcohol" and we originally pronounced "bouse" to rhyme with "house.
Meanwhile, back at our Mr. Booz of Philadelphia, while his name may not have been the source of our "booze," his product probably did help popularize the term "booze" as a synonym for alcohol in the U. Get your claws out of my kneecap.
I'm unwrapping as fast as I can. Dear Word Detective: My friends and I are curious as to the use of the word "cheesy" to mean something chintzy or somehow inferior. When did this start? What is the reference? While we are on the subject, we are also wondering about the word "corny. It does seem odd that we use "cheesy" to mean tasteless, cheap or shoddy.
After all, from Velveeta to brie, cheese is one of everyone's favorite foods. I may be overstating that a bit, but I do happen to own a 20 year old cat who, frail as she is, will still make your life miserable should you forget her daily slice of cheese. In any case, this negative sense of "cheesy" has been around since about , and is thought to have arisen as an allusion to the unpleasant smell of overripe cheese. Speaking of cheese, one of my favorite cheese metaphors from my years as an office worker turns out to probably have nothing to do with cheese. Being the naturally insubordinate type myself hard to believe, I know, but true , I often referred to whatever supervisor held sway over me at the moment as "the big cheese.
As for "corny," meaning trite, overly sentimental or schmaltzy, we can probably trace the term to, believe it or not, the mail-order seed catalogs popular in turn of the century America. To hold their customers' interest, seed firms would sprinkle jokes, cartoons, stories and riddles throughout their catalogs. The jokes, being of singularly low quality, came to be known as "corn catalog jokes," which was then shortened to simply "corny" and eventually applied to anything considered embarrassingly unsophisticated.
Twas brillig, and the slithy fumes Dear Word Detective: I have been told that the expression "crazy as a mad hatter" or "mad as a hatter" has to do with the fact that mercury was used in millinery long ago. Is this true? Wade, via the internet.
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Yes, it's true, though I believe that the hat-making in question was the fabrication of felt hats primarily for men, and the term "millinery" applies to fashion accessories, especially hats, created for women. Back in the 16th century, a "milliner" from "Milan" plus "er" was a vendor of fine goods, especially apparel for women, of the sort then manufactured in Milan, Italy. Most of us associate the phrase "mad as a hatter" with Lewis Carroll's "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.
Among the chemicals used in hat-making at that time was mercurious nitrate, and prolonged exposure to mercury vapors caused severe neurological damage ranging from uncontrollable muscular twitching known as "hatter's shakes" to dementia.