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The dominant females of the Double Standard School (DSS) enforce strict In '​Stories ', the DSS women conspire to win a swim meet.
Table of contents

The maximum possible mark varies widely from year to year and also varies from province to province. Generally, the modern College Entrance Examination takes place from 7 to 8 June every year, though in some provinces it can last for an extra day.

After repeated discussions and experiments, the NMTP was eventually set as a fundamental policy system in From , the tertiary entrance examination system was affected by the Great Leap Forward Movement. Soon, unified recruitment was replaced by separate recruitment by individual or allied tertiary education institutions. Meanwhile, political censorship on candidate students was enhanced. Since , criticism of the NMTP system had become even harsher, because it hurt benefits of the working class.

On July , the NMTP was officially canceled and substituted by a new admission policy of recommending workers, farmers and soldiers to college. Against the backdrop of world revolution, millions of such young people, joined the ranks of farmers, working and living alongside them. However, they were soon disillusioned by the reality of hard conditions in the countryside. In the early s, Mao Zedong realized that internal political struggle had taken too big a toll on him as well as the nation and decided to resume the operation of universities. However, the students were selected based on political and family backgrounds rather than academic achievements.

This practice continued until the death of Mao in September In late , Deng Xiaoping , then under Hua Guofeng , the heir apparent of Mao, officially resumed the traditional examination based on academics, the National Higher Education Entrance Examination, which has continued to the present day. The first such examination after the Cultural Revolution took place in late and was a history-making event.

There was no limit on the age or official educational background of examinees. Consequently, most of the hopefuls who had accumulated during the ten years of the Cultural Revolution and many others who simply wanted to try their luck emerged from society for the examination. The youngest were in their early teens and the oldest were in their late thirties. The questions in the examinations were designed by the individual provinces.

The total number of candidate students for the national college entrance exam in was as many as 5. Although the Ministry of Education eventually expanded enrollment, adding 63, more to the admission quota, the admission ratio of 4. Starting from , the examination was uniformly designed by the Ministry of Education and all the students across the country took exactly the same examination.

However, reforms on the content and form of the exam have never stopped, among which the permission for individual provinces to customize their own exams has been the most salient. The Ministry of Education allowed the College Enrollment Office of Shanghai to employ an independent exam in , which was the beginning of provincial proposition. In the same year, Guangdong was also permitted to adopt independent proposition. Starting from , Beijing , Tianjin , Jiangsu , and Zhejiang were allowed to adopt independent propositions. Till now, there have been 16 provinces and municipalities adopting customized exams.

Although today's admission rate is much higher than in , and before the s, it is still fairly low compared to the availability of higher education in the Western world. Consequently, the examination is highly competitive, and the prospective examinees and their parents experience enormous pressure.


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For the majority, it is a watershed that divides two dramatically different lives. At the same time, the undergraduate course system narrowed down the time from 4 years to 3 years. According to incomplete statistics, from to , institutions of higher learning recruited , people who belonged to the worker-peasant-soldier group.

For most provinces, the National Higher Education Entrance Examination is held once a year in recent years some of the provinces in China hold examinations twice a year and the extra one is called the Spring Entrance Examination. It now takes place in June every year. Partial Provincial administrative units determine the schedule of the exams on the 7th and 8 June. The changes of the exam scope in in most areas of China, where the students use the Nationwide Exam Papers in Gaokao.

Elective Course Selection of Geometric Proof is removed from the elective examination scope. Elective Course is changed from the elective examination scope into the compulsory examination scope. Elective Course 5 Natural Disasters and Prevention is removed from the elective examination scope. The article was subsequently deleted by Zhihu. The National Higher Education Entrance Examination is not uniform across the country, but administered uniformly within each province of China or each direct-controlled municipality.

It is arranged at the end of the spring semester and secondary school graduates across the country take the examination simultaneously over a three-day period. Prior to , the examination was held in July, but has since been moved to the month of June. This move was made in consideration of the adverse effects of hot weather on students living in southern China and possible flooding during the rainy season in July. In different places and across different time in history, students were required to apply for their intended university or college prior to the exam, after the exam, or more recently, after they learned of their scores, by filling a list of ordered preferences.

The application list is classified into several tiers including at least early admissions, key universities, regular universities, vocational colleges , each of which can contain around intended choices in institution and program, though typically an institution or program would only admit students who apply to it as their first choice in each tier. In some places, students are allowed to apply for different tiers at different times. For example, in Shanghai , students apply for early admission, key universities and regular universities prior to the exam, but can apply for other colleges after they learned of their scores.

The exam is administered for two or three days. Three subjects are mandatory everywhere: Chinese , Mathematics , and a foreign language—usually English , but this may also be substituted by Russian , Japanese , German , French or Spanish. The other six standard subjects are three sciences: Physics , Chemistry , Biology , and three humanities: History , Geography , and Political Education. Since the s, an integrated test, science integrated test, humanities integrated test or wider integrated test has been introduced in some places.

This integrated test may or may not be considered during admission. In addition, some special regional subjects are required or optional in some places. Currently, the actual requirement varies from province to province.

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Applicants to some specialist programs are also screened by additional criteria: some art departments e. Scores obtained in the examinations can be used in applying universities outside mainland China. Among all the places, the counterpart Hong Kong is on their top list. In , 7 students with overall highest score in their provinces entered Hong Kong's universities rather than the two major universities in mainland China.

In , over 1, students entered the 12 local institutions which provide tertiary education courses through this examination. In addition, City University of Hong Kong and Chinese University of Hong Kong directly participate in the application procedure like other mainland universities.

The examination is essentially the only criterion for tertiary education admissions. A poor performance on the test almost always means giving up on that goal. Students hoping to attend university will spend most of their waking moments studying prior to the exam.

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If they fail in their first attempt, some of them repeat the last year of high school life and make another attempt the following year. Traditionally, students would undertake either a set of "arts" subjects or a set of "science" subjects, with some shared compulsory subjects. The subjects taken in the Examination affected the degree Examination, or implemented flexible systems for selecting the subjects to be tested, resulting in a number of different systems. In the context of the reform of the National College Entrance Examination, this program will be suspended in Beijing, Tianjin, Shandong and Hainan provinces from , and will be suspended in most provinces and cities in China from It will cease across Mainland China by This system was used after the New Curriculum Reform being employed in Guangdong province, and now it has been abandoned.

This system has been implemented in Shanghai since the employment of comprehensive courses, now abandoned. Subject tests will take turns into the embrace of National Standard. A new policy is expected to substitute the old one in Summary of information about this program,see the Education of Sina. Regional imbalance of social and economic development has resulted in a disparity in education levels across China, which gives rise to provincial proposition. However, provincial governments have to increase budget on education in order to offset the declining credibility of the exam caused by lack of experienced proposition experts and management personnel, which will, more or less, cause a repetitive investment in Human Resources, finance or material.

For example, the exam in Jiangsu is totally a different from others. It only counts the scores of the three major subjects, which means the total cents are decreased largely. To compete in a narrow range of score, students must focus on the study of the three. The other two subjects are not recorded in total score but a class will be recorded, and universities have a requirement of an exact class. Different from the folk, the assessment is according to the percentage of students' examination results.

Moreover, independent proposition covers regional discrimination generated by a huge disparity of cut off scores between different provinces. Chinese students are required to choose either Social Sciences political science, geography, and history or Natural Sciences physics, chemistry, and biology. This happens particularly at the end of the first or second year of high school, when students are mostly years old.

Once they make their decisions, they start preparing for the subject tests, and no longer take classes for the other three subjects. This decision will determine which college entrance test they will take at the age of 18, as well as influence their college majors and future career path.

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A university usually sets a fixed admission quota for each province, with a higher number of students coming from its home province. As the advanced educational resources number and quality of universities are distributed unevenly across China, it is argued that people are being discriminated against during the admission process based on their geographic region. For example, compared to Beijing , Jiangxi province has fewer universities per capita.

Therefore, Jiangxi usually receives fewer admission quotas compared with Beijing, which makes a significantly higher position among applicants necessary for a Jiangxi candidate to be admitted by the same university than his Beijing counterpart. The unequal admission schemes for different provinces and regions might intensify competition among examinees from provinces with fewer advanced education resources.

For example, Beijing University planned to admit science students from Beijing with 80, candidates in total , but only 38 from Shandong with , candidates in total. This is not similar to the practice of regional universities in other countries which receive subsidies from regional governments in addition to or in place of those received from central governments, as universities in China largely depend on state budget rather than local budget.

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However, this regionally preferential policy does provide subsidies to minority students from under-developed regions that enjoy limited educational resources, such as Tibet and Xinjiang. The regional discrimination can be proved by the disparities between ratios of a province's enrollment of students to the total number of candidate students of the province. In , the acceptance rates for students from Beijing , Shanghai , Shandong and Henan who applied for universities of the first-ranking category were High acceptance rates are likely to appear in the most and least developed cities and provinces, such as Beijing , Shanghai or Qinghai.