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Poverty, Labour and the Informal Economy in Africa, 1st Edition the ILO's 'decent work' agenda and various efforts to promote 'legal empowerment of the poor'.
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- THE RISE OF THE INFORMAL SECTOR IN INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTAL DISCOURSE | Politeia
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Summary With a focus on labour rights, this title focuses on a nuanced understanding of the regulatory and operational challenges and dilemmas related to implementing the two approaches in selected countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Notes Formerly CIP. Includes bibliographical references and index. Other Form Print version Legal empowerment agenda. Farnham [England] ; Burlington, Vt. View online Borrow Buy Freely available Show 0 more links Set up My libraries How do I set up "My libraries"? Edith Cowan University Library.
Murdoch University Library. Open to the public. May not be open to the public Held. Not for ILL. The University of Melbourne Library. Social protection is increasingly being discussed in terms of its potential to bring about transformational change to the status and opportunities of marginalised groups. Social protection schemes are believed to empower poor people by helping them to adopt strategies to balance their immediate needs with their investments in future livelihoods. They enable people to invest in more productive, but also riskier, activities such as entrepreneurship or keeping their children in school.
Social protection mechanisms are particularly important for those who do not have the means even to save small amounts. Cook, S. It suggests that social protection needs to move beyond risk management and safety nets to support productive or developmental trajectories out of poverty that can strengthen citizenship rights and claims to security. Innovative, more developmental social protection approaches adapted to particular contexts are emerging around the world. However, greater attention should be paid to the political economy of redistributive policies, the challenge of financing such policies, and their implications for the social contract between state and citizens.
The state has a key role in coordinating inclusive social protection provision. Lund, F. This paper examines empowerment in the context of social protection for informal workers. It argues that social protection can help to improve the health and well-being of informal sector workers, especially poorer women, and build their capacity to organise and demand better working conditions.
There is strong evidence, for example, that cash transfers can address age-based social exclusion. Research has found that social pensions in Namibia and Lesotho have improved the status of older people without relatives, who otherwise have been isolated and excluded from community life.
Cash transfers are also regarded as a particularly effective way of empowering women and girls within the household. However, it is argued that conditional cash transfers CCTs requiring that children are taken to school and for health check-ups reinforce gender stereotypes of women as responsible for the household, while men maintain a role as income earners. Overall, the evidence on the impact of cash transfer programmes on empowerment is still patchy. Arnold, C. This paper assesses the evidence and looks at the extent to which it can be generalised.
Ultimately, cash transfers work as part of a broader strategy to achieve economic and social development. Molyneux, M. If CCTs do little to promote the empowerment of women might they even be making things worse? Women involved in the programmes report that, in general, they experience greater self-esteem, well being and autonomy.
How can NGOs and donors develop more gender-sensitive CT programmes that help to redress inequality and work towards empowerment?
THE RISE OF THE INFORMAL SECTOR IN INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTAL DISCOURSE | Politeia
This report examines the impacts of cash transfers on gender dynamics within households and communities. It finds mixed impacts and insufficient consideration of gender inequality and gender analysis in programme processes. To realise the potential value of CTs for women, NGOs and donors need to ensure, for example, that all emergency responses include a gender and social analysis; that clear and attainable gender aims are specified for each stage of the intervention; and that more investment is made in staff training.
McDevitt, A. However, enabling women to participate in economic life is subject to both formal and informal constraints: women face various institutional barriers, as well as discrimination played out within social relations. Removing these barriers, and actively creating mechanisms through which women are able to add value to the economy, are explained in the following review in terms of: access to jobs, access to credit and financial services; land and property rights and; agricultural inputs and technology. The paper below argues that while access to financial services and microfinance can and does make important contributions to the economic productivity and social well-being of poor women and their households, it does not automatically empower women.
This article published in the Economic and Political Weekly, India, examines the empirical evidence of the impact of microfinance on poverty reduction and the empowerment of poor women.
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Focusing on experiences in South Asia, it argues that while access to financial services can and does make important contributions to the economic productivity and social well-being of poor women and their households, it does not automatically empower women.
Interventions which promote skills acquisition and training amongst marginalised groups such as youths or informal workers are another way of supporting empowerment. Liimatainen, M-R. Microfinance refers to financial services for those without access to traditional formal banking. It includes micro-credit the provision of loans , micro-savings, insurance and money transfer services.
Working paper no. Washington: World Bank.
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Paton, C. Sharp eye on stats. Financial Mail. Perry, G. Informality: Exit and exclusion. Washington DC: World Bank. Portes, A. The informal economy: Studies in advanced and less developed countries. Potts, D. The urban informal sector in sub-Saharan Africa.
Challenges of micro and small enterprises in ethiopia pdf
Shapland, J. The informal economy and connections with organised crime: The impact of national social and economic policies. The Hague: Bju Legal Publishers. Skinner, C.
The struggle for the streets: Processes of exclusion and inclusion of street traders in Durban, South Africa. Urban, B. Empirical evidence on opportunity recognition behaviours of informal traders. Venkatesh, S. Off the books: The underground economy of the urban poor. New York: Harvard University Press. Young, L. Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer. Keywords: informal sector, informal economy, informality, formalisation, entrepreneurship, World Bank.
Abstract This article documents the rise to prominence of the informal economic sector in academic developmental discourse. References Atkinson, D.
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Guha- Khasnobis, R. The mystery of capital. London: Black Swan. Hartley, W. Business Day, 3 June. Mazumdar, D. The urban informal sector. World Bank report SWP Neuwirth, R.