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Table of contents
The Raven was only ever feared if misused. In many Northwest Coast Communities stories are told about the Raven and his many achievements. One of the most common stories is how the Raven stole the light in the form of the sun, the moon and stars. Many say that he transformed himself into a baby to find out where the light was hidden and then stole it from an old chief who had kept them in his house locked away in a large bentwood box.
- Totem Lore of the Alaska Indians by H P Corser - leondumoulin.nl.
- Alaska Native art!
- The Movie Star and the Missing Totem Pole | The New Yorker;
- Catalog Record: Totem lore of the Alaska Indians | HathiTrust Digital Library.
After Raven escaped with the box through the smoke hole of the house, he placed the sun, the moon and the stars in the sky for all beings to enjoy. Originally the Raven had white feathers and after flying through the smoke hole with the light, his feathers turned black and stayed black until today. The Haida tell of how Raven stole the salmon from the Beaver people. Brief and unsuccessful attempts were made by local inhabitants at reviving the totem pole. Indian life styles were so changed that the importance of the totem pole was gone forever.
Raven the Trickster
Students will stack three or four medium sized jars, and using masking tape attach all the jars neck to bottom, bottom to bottom, or neck to neck. They then will apply three coats of papier mache. This will provide students with the actual form or pole. Using the list of symbols previously developed and remembering to employ dissection, rearrangement of parts, and distortion, student will draw symbols onto pole.
Paint in all the symbols preferably with acrylic as opposed to tempera paint. A coat of shellac provides a professional finish. Students will be very proud of their accomplishment and will need to be recognized or rewarded. Have a little party or Potlatch to celebrate the students accomplishments and give them a chance to talk about and showoff their poles. At the top is Raven with outspread wings. Around his head is the sun halo. On his breast are three figures, the children of the Sun whom Raven visited during the Deluge.
The raven tracks painted on the face of the girl in the center are traditional for women of the Raven phratry or clan. These symbolize his power to change form and also represent joints. The other designs are feathers.
Totem Poles from the Tlingit and Haida tribes.
A brother and sister were the only people living in a certain place. The brother wanted no one else except his sister and himself, but she was very lonely. One day she walked along the shore and climbed up on a rocky point immediately above a small clear pool. As she sat there crying and thinking how lonely she was, she noticed a small white pebble in the pool below. Still crying, she walked down and got the pebble, which was shaped like an egg. She swallowed it, thinking that it would kill her.
After a while she realized that she was to have a child, but did not want her brother to learn of it for fear he would try to kill the baby. After the child, who was Raven, was born he grew so rapidly that she had difficulty hiding him. She walked along the beach calling for help from the animals of the forest and the birds of the sky. I will raise your boy that way. Thus the boy grew rapidly into a strong and hardy youth, for that was the way the people in olden times trained their brave men. When Raven grew up Crane sent him back to his mother. His uncle was very angry and tried to kill him.
First he sent him, for wood and caused a tree to fall on him. Since Raven was born from a pebble the tree broke over his head and did not harm him. Then his uncle tried other ways to kill Raven, but each time he was outwitted. Finally the uncle told Raven that he was going to call the tides to come in, meaning that he was going to cause a flood. The water began rising and Raven went out and commanded the tides to stop. Then the uncle commanded them to rise and Raven could not stop them. He put the bird skin on and flew up into the sky.
There he was entertained by Sun.
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He put on the bird skin and flew down, but the waters still covered the earth. He flew until he was tired.
Finally he saw a thick cloud and stuck his beak into it. How long he hung there no one knows, but the waters finally receded. Raven prayed for a grassy spot on which to light and then let go of the cloud. He landed safely, removed the bird skin, and was ready for further adventures. The second episode in the Raven myth cycle is symbolized by the face of Daughter of the Fog, or Fog Woman, the raven head near the bottom of the pole, and the salmon, three on either side of the raven. Raven was fishing with his two slaves, and was returning to camp when a heavy fog settled over the bay.
Suddenly they saw a woman sitting in their canoe. She called for a spruceroot basket, put it on her left side and began collecting the fog into it. Soon it was bright and sunny and they reached camp. Shortly afterward Raven went hunting with one of the slaves. Fog Woman dipped her fingers in the stream and immediately salmon appeared.
The Raven Symbol
She and the slave with her ate the fish, and she warned him not to tell Raven they had had food. Raven discovered the fact and demanded to know what the slave had eaten. Finally he was told, and he persuaded his wife to produce more salmon, which they dried and stored. They had almost finished when Raven, passing through the smokehouse, caught his hair on a dried fish hanging on the rack. Angrily he pulled it down and, with an oath, threw it into the corner of the smokehouse.
Fog Woman immediately left the house and walked toward the beach, and the salmon came to life and followed her. Raven tried to stop her, but she was like fog, and he could not hold her. She walked out to sea. Raven turned his attention to the salmon but could not save any of them. He and his two slaves were left as povertystricken as they were before Fog Woman appeared.
The third episode from the adventures of Raven is symbolized by the frog at the base of the pole with Raven diving after him. After the Deluge Raven was walking along the shore. He wanted to go to the bottom of the ocean and Frog offered to take him.
They saw many strange things, none of which are shown in the carving. Some poles embody one-of-a-kind stories or unusual symbols. These stories or symbols are known in their entirety only to the pole's owner and the carver of theTotem Pole. If the pole's owner or carvers gave an account to a relative, granted interviews to academics, or left a written record, these unusual meanings are known. If not, hidden or special meanings are lost over time.