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Table of contents

• What is Machu Picchu and who found it
• A Hiking Vacation in Peru
• Product description
• What is Machu Picchu and who found it | Machu Picchu Hiking Tours

The steep cliffs here allow for spectacular views of the narrow valley of the Urubamba River, along which enemies would have had to pass to reach the Inca capital, Cuzco some 70 miles km away. The strategic implications of the site were exploited to the full, as might be expected from a people who carved an empire similar in extent to that of the Romans. The citadel of Machu Picchu was founded during the 15 th century and had possibly up to inhabitants, including priests, noblemen, craftsmen and farmers. Inca society was highly structured and hierarchical, with each person having rigidly defined responsibilities, rights and privileges.

The rough stone houses of the general populace stood on the lower terraces while the homes and offices of the nobility were sited on the higher levels. To the west of the city is the sacred Intihuatana, meaning Hitching Post of the Sun, a low, irregular platform of perfect simplicity with a short stone pillar. The Intihuatana, dedicated to the sun god Inti and used in ceremonies, was carved from a single outcrop of rock.

These too were simple buildings and were probably roofless, thereby affording the priests ample opportunity to observe the heavens. Both the sun and the moon were Inca deities. The sun, Inti was the most venerated, as the ancestor of the ruling emperor and father of all Incas. Inti was the husband and brother of the moon Mama Quilla, whose attendants were the stars and planets with the exception of Venus who was a goddess in her own right.

Perhaps it was ravaged by a plague so terrible it was permanently quarantined by the authorities.

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The abandonment of Machu Picchu may forever remain a mystery, but the enigma continues to fuel an intense fascination with the ruined city, surely one of the most spectacular archaeological sites in the world. Sign in. Log into your account. Forgot your password? Privacy Policy. Password recovery.

Recover your password. Get help. Search of Life. Mobile Apps for a Better Planet. A Literature Festival that has no Limit. The Incas never used the wheel in any practical manner. How they moved and placed enormous blocks of stones is a mystery, although the general belief is that they used hundreds of men to push the stones up inclined planes. The space is composed of constructions including temples, sanctuaries, parks and residences houses with thatched roofs.

There are more than one hundred flights of stone steps often completely carved from a single block of granite and a great number of water fountains, interconnected by channels and water-drainages perforated in the rock, designed for the original irrigation system. Evidence has been found to suggest that the irrigation system was used to carry water from a holy spring to each of the houses in turn. Among the thousands of roads constructed by the pre-Columbian cultures in South America, the roads of the Inca were some of the most interesting.

This network of roads converged at Cuzco, the capital of the Inca Empire.

One of them went to the city of Machu Picchu. The Incas distinguished between coastal roads and mountain roads, the former was called Camino de los llanos road of the plains and the latter was called Cpac am. Today, tens of thousands of tourists walk the Inca roads particularly The Inca Trail each. He was led there by locals who frequented the site. Bingham coined the name "The Lost City of the Incas", which was the title of his first book.

He never gave any credit to those who led him to Machu Picchu, mentioning only "local rumor" as his guide. Bingham had been searching for the city of Vitcos, the last Inca refuge and spot of resistance during the Spanish conquest of Peru. In , after various years of previous trips and explorations around the zone, he was led to the citadel by Quechuans who were living in Machu Picchu in the original Inca infrastructure.

Bingham made several more trips and conducted excavations on the site through He wrote a number of books and articles about the discovery of Machu Picchu. During the early years in Peru, Bingham built strong relationships with top Peruvian officials. As a result, he had little trouble obtaining necessary permission, paperwork, and permits to travel throughout the country and borrow archeological artifacts. Upon returning to Yale University, Bingham had collected around 5, such objects to be kept in Yale's care until such time as the Peruvian government requested their return.

Recently, the Peruvian government requested the return of all cultural material, and at the refusal of Yale University to do so, began to consider legal action. Simone Waisbard, a long-time researcher of Cusco, claims Enrique Palma, Gabino Snchez and Agustn Lizrraga left their names engraved on one of the rocks there on July 14, , having rediscovered it before Bingham.

Likewise, in an engineer named Franklin supposedly spotted the ruins from a distant mountain. He told Thomas Paine, an English Plymouth Brethren Christian missionary living in the region, about the site, Paine's family members claim. In an area of This area, which is not limited to the ruins themselves, also includes the regional landscape with its flora and fauna, highlighting the abundance of orchids.

One theory maintains that Machu Picchu was an Incan "llacta": a settlement built up to control the economy of the conquered regions and that it may have been built with the purpose of protecting the most select of the Incan aristocracy in the event of an attack.

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Based on research conducted by scholars such as John Rowe and Richard Burger, most archaeologists now believe that, rather than a defensive retreat, Machu Picchu was an estate of the Inca emperor Pachacuti. Johan Reinhard presents evidence that the site was selected based on its position relative to sacred landscape features, especially mountains that are in alignment with key astronomical events. As Perus most visited tourist attraction and major revenue generator, it is continually threatened by economic and commercial forces.

In the late s, the Peruvian government granted concessions to allow the construction of a cable car to the ruins and development of a luxury hotel, including a tourist complex with boutiques and restaurants. These plans were met with protests from scientists, academics and the Peruvian public, worried that the greater numbers of visitors would pose tremendous. A growing number of people visit Machu Picchu , in For this reason, there were protests against a plan to build a further bridge to the site and a no-fly zone exists in the area. Damage to the site due to usage has occurred.

In September a centuries-old sundial called Intihuatana, or "hitching post for the sun," was damaged when a 1,pound crane fell onto it. The crane was being used by a crew hired by J. From the beginnings of the Inka we are shown signs that the Inka appear with a deep knowledge reminiscent of other mystical and magical traditions. Starting from the mythic Inka foundations it is the historical emperor Inka Pachacuti who forges the region into a functioning empire.

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It is Inka Pachacuti who solidifies, organizes, and unifies the inhabitants of the Inka lands into a cohesive nation state. We may never know for certain how much of what represents the Inka culture was created directly by the Inka and how much was inherited and later refined. The Inka strategically made alliances with the peoples they annexed.

The leadership of the conquered peoples were schooled at the capital in Cusco and shrewdly given important offices within the empire. Inka pottery, weaving, waterworks, and stonework are famous and distinctive in the intricacy, utility, and general design. It is likely that the Inka stonework is one of their unique. There are indeed stories that say some parts of Cusco such as the grand stone works above the city, called Saxaywaman, were already in place when the Inka arrived.

Perhaps even some of the main streets in Cusco were already in place before the arrival of the Inka. These are details we may never know conclusively. But it is clear that academic discussions cannot easily justify the use of ropes and pulleys to explain away the skill of the Inka. Most of what the Inka were really doing is still hidden from conventional science. Like an unfolding flower the spiritual mysteries are becoming more aware to us. The fate of the Inka is a very sad story. Disease had crept inland ahead of Pizzaro's men.

A civil war between the royal princes Huascar and Atahualpa had torn the empire apart.