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Athiests and non-believers meanwhile will use a lowercase "g" as ammunition to their belief that there is no God. Regarding other gods, God has this to say.
Table of contents
- The True God and the False Gods, in the light of the Cosmological Problem | leondumoulin.nl
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- Greek Gods
Greek myths explained the origins of the gods and their individual relations with mankind. The art of Archaic and Classical Greece illustrates many mythological episodes, including an established iconography of attributes that identify each god. There were twelve principal deities in the Greek pantheon. Foremost was Zeus, the sky god and father of the gods, to whom the ox and the oak tree were sacred; his two brothers, Hades and Poseidon, reigned over the Underworld and the sea, respectively.
Wise Athena, the patron goddess of Athens The owl and the olive tree were sacred to her. Youthful Apollo Judging from his many cult sites, he was one of the most important gods in Greek religion.
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His main sanctuary at Delphi, where Greeks came to ask questions of the oracle, was considered to be the center of the universe Hermes Other important deities were Aphrodite, the goddess of love; Dionysos, the god of wine and theater ; Ares, the god of war ; and the lame Hephaistos, the god of metalworking. The ancient Greeks believed that Mount Olympus, the highest mountain in mainland Greece, was the home of the gods. Ancient Greek religious practice, essentially conservative in nature, was based on time-honored observances, many rooted in the Bronze Age — B.
Although the Iliad and the Odyssey of Homer, believed to have been composed around the eighth century B. Nor did they have a strict priestly caste.
The relationship between human beings and deities was based on the concept of exchange: gods and goddesses were expected to give gifts. Votive offerings, which have been excavated from sanctuaries by the thousands, were a physical expression of thanks on the part of individual worshippers. The Greeks worshipped in sanctuaries located, according to the nature of the particular deity, either within the city or in the countryside.
A sanctuary was a well-defined sacred space set apart usually by an enclosure wall. This sacred precinct, also known as a temenos, contained the temple with a monumental cult image of the deity, an outdoor altar, statues and votive offerings to the gods, and often features of landscape such as sacred trees or springs. Many temples benefited from their natural surroundings, which helped to express the character of the divinities. For instance, the temple at Sounion dedicated to Poseidon, god of the sea, commands a spectacular view of the water on three sides, and the Parthenon on the rocky Athenian Akropolis celebrates the indomitable might of the goddess Athena.
The central ritual act in ancient Greece was animal sacrifice, especially of oxen, goats, and sheep. Sacrifices took place within the sanctuary, usually at an altar in front of the temple, with the assembled participants consuming the entrails and meat of the victim. Liquid offerings, or libations Religious festivals, literally feast days, filled the year. The four most famous festivals, each with its own procession, athletic competitions Ugaritic mythological tablets describe the activities of the main gods and goddesses of the Canaanite pantheon.
Although there existed no single state theology, the major gods reflect local geographical concerns about the fertility of the earth and the importance of water as well as relationships to the sky and the underworld. The universe was believed to be ruled in tandem by the older god El and a main warrior-god, Baal, surrounded by a council of deities and a lower level of attendant gods. The divine council included the older generation of the god El and his wife Athirat, known in the Bible as Asherah, as well as a younger group of figures that included the war god Baal and the war goddesses Anat and Astarte.
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Forces of destruction included Yamm, the god of the sea also known as Nahar, the River , and Mot, the god of death as well as burning Resheph and pestilence Deber , a god described in the Bible Habakkuk 3. In total, more than deities are recorded in Ugaritic texts, and these gods, unlike humans, were thought to have eternal lives. He was the creator god, the father of the gods and humankind, and the god of wisdom. He was considered a good-natured, beneficent being. Although described as a creator, there exists no biblical-type creation story in Ugaritic literature.
No temple is dedicated to his cult, and his image cannot be clearly identified among excavated reliefs and statues.
Small, heavily robed human figures seated on high-backed chairs and wearing either caplike headdresses or tall conical crowns have often been identified as El. Recent archaeological finds indicate that this image may represent either a presently unidentified god or a deified king.
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In a land dependent upon life-sustaining rain, Baal was both a warrior god and the storm god who brought fertility. Baal was enthroned on Mount Zaphon, identified with Jebel Aqra, the highest mountain in Syria located 25—30 miles north of Ugarit. An active, powerful deity, Baal is depicted on a white limestone stele, 1. Dominating the stele, the god Baal is pictured in profile with his right foot placed in front of his left. He wears a horned helmet emblematic of power and strength.
In a classic Egyptian smiting pose, his right arm is raised above his head with a mace in his hand as if he were about to strike an enemy. In his left hand, he holds and firmly plants into the ground a large spear with a vegetal form emerging from the top of the weapon.
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The stele illustrates the Canaanite concept of divine kingship whereby the warrior-god protects humanity against the destructive forces of nature. After a rather obscure opening, the god Yamm the Sea sends a message to the divine assembly demanding that Baal surrender. El, the aging chief deity, agrees to the request. But Baal resists. With the encouragement and assistance of Kothar-wa-Hasis, the craftsman god, Baal engages the Sea in battle.
He pummels Yamm with his mace and defeats him. Afterward, Baal pursues the construction of a magnificent royal palace on his sacred mountain.
Greek Gods
Cedars are brought from Lebanon together with silver, gold, and precious stones to adorn the palace. When the building is finished, all the deities celebrate with a great feast. Afterward, Baal defeats all of his enemies in surrounding territories in order to form an empire for himself. Now flush with victory, Baal sends a courier to Mot, son of El and ruler of the Underworld, to declare his kingship. But Mot in his reply turns the tables on his adversary and invites him to come to the Underworld.
When Baal accepts and descends, he becomes trapped in the vise of death, which results in the cessation of rain.