Environmental Ergonomics - The Ergonomics of Human Comfort, Health, and Performance in the Thermal E

leondumoulin.nl: Environmental Ergonomics - The Ergonomics of Human Comfort, Health, and Performance in the Thermal Environment (Elsevier Ergonomics.
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AmazonGlobal Ship Orders Internationally. Thermal comfort surveys in tropical countries near to the equator have been actively assessed by researchers since De Dear and Leow, ; Zain-Ahmed et al.

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The importance of comfort generally in a building design has been widely translated into several comfort types Butcher, ; ISO , of which the most influential and most studied is thermal comfort. Naturally ventilated buildings designs can perform efficiently in hot climate countries, like Malaysia because of their low evaporation rate, long hours of sunshine, high relative humidity and very overcast cloud cover Ahmed et al.

In Malaysia, thermal comfort assessments on naturally ventilated building have been conducted in low cost housings, traditional Malay houses, terraced houses, walk-up flats Jones et al. Malaysia is a maritime country close to the equator. It has abundant sunshine but it is rare to have a full day with a completely clear sky. The average sunshine is around 6 h. Because of its hot and humid climate, cooler days are often recorded with low evaporation rate, high relative humidity value, cloudier sky 7 oktas and wet while warmer days are usually the opposite.

As a country that is progressing towards an energy consumption conscious target, buildings are designed to enable natural ventilation.

However, a naturally ventilated building cannot give a thermally comfortable environment in Malaysia. At the very least a ceiling fan needs to be installed to lessen the heat gain indoors Zainazlan et al. The study observed a good environmental factors practices in the paint shop workstation, whereas illuminance, humidity, temperature is available for thermal comfort purposes. Malaysia Automotive Industry has offered the team for conducting this study in their Paint Shop Department.

This study was conducted from to The department unit was manned with 7 staff and working with two shifts operation. The operation shifts are scheduled from The paint shop activities are to paint the metal parts, plastics parts or combination of plastics and metal parts. The design of the paint shop is using the process based arrangement with the capacity of producing to parts per shifts. This equipment can measured air temperature, radiant temperature, air velocity, relative humidity, room pressure, noise, illumination and CO 2.

The TCM machine was placed at the workspace area for duration of approximately 6 h starting from In this study, 7 personnel from paint shop workstation have been involved. All personnel in this unit are male. The personal data such as age, gender, weight, height were obtained by questionnaire.

A questionnaire form was distributed to the 7 personnel of morning shift for their anthropometrics data. Due to time constrain and limited sources, the study only focus to the one shift morning on November The workstations and tools was design and it can be observed from Fig.

Figure 3 shows usage of foldable bin helps operators to transfer product easier and comfort. As shown in Fig. The results PMV index in this station between 2. Meanwhile, the PPD is around The thermal comfort assessment of this workstation is almost hot. Following the thermal sensation scale the best or comfort workstation is scale neutral or 0 of PMV. Meanwhile, the metabolic rate was 93 W m -2 light industry although the clothes value was 0. So, as a conclusion, this station is not comfort.

This is because the thermal sensation is warm and almost hot. The relative humidity as shown in Fig. High humidity was observed during morning session and it started to reduce in the before the lunch break. However, after the lunch break, the relative humidity started to increase again due to rainy weather outside the working area. The finding was also consistent with the air temperature profile recorded. The radiant temperature profile is also consistence with air temperature profile recorded during the experiment.

Low radiant temperature is observed during the morning session and start to increase after This is consistence with increasing air temperature inside the working area and also starting of oven operation for drying the products. However, after the lunch break, the radiant temperature started to reduce due to rainy weather outside the working area and increase back when the rains stopped.

Assessment of Environmental Factors and Thermal Comfort at Automotive Paint Shop

Starting with values, slightly above 50 lux the illuminance as illustrated in Fig. It is contributed by the sunny weather outside the working area. During the lunch break time, it is again clearly indentified that the illuminance level decreases to less than 50 lux since they switch off the light. After the lunch break, the illuminance level remains quite constant between 50 to lux. The level is reduced since weather outside the working area is rainy even though all lights were switched on. This statement is in agreement with Vaughn findings which showed that maximum productivity occurs under this condition and that industrial accidents increase at higher and lower temperatures.

He also said postural awkwardness due to a cold feeling. But contrast at Malaysia industries situation postural awkwardness occurs because of hot feeling. The reason for this is the climate of Malaysia. A strong relationship between light, noise, air quality and the thermal environment were considered factors that would influence the acceptability and performance on the occupants of premises has been reported in the literature. For example, Dua stated that lower emotional health is manifested as psychological distress, depression and anxiety, whereas lower physical health is manifested as heart disease, insomnia, headaches and infections.

The most interesting finding was that these health problems could lead to organizational symptoms such as job dissatisfaction, absenteeism and poor work quality in 10 years coming.

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Irritated, sore eyes and throat, hoarseness, stuffy congested nose, excessive mental fatigue, headache and unusual tiredness were all signs of the negative workplace environmental conditions. Asked to rate the impact of their respective jobs job on their physical and mental health. This finding is in agreement with Shikdar and Sawaqed indings which showed that there was high correlation between performance indicators and health, facilities and environmental attributes.

Employees with complaints of discomfort and dissatisfaction at work could have their productivity affected, result of their inability to perform their work properly. This study confirms that environment factor more influence the productivity is associated with Fisk They find the productivity was one of the most important factors affecting the overall performance to any organization, from small enterprises to entire nations.

These findings further support the idea by Ismail et al. Indoor air quality could have a direct impact on health problems and leads to uncomfortable workplace environments. These finding are rather disappointing. When we are referring to air temperature in the context of thermal comfort, we are discussed about the temperature in the space where the person is located.

Environmental Ergonomics

This temperature changes from head to toe and can change with time depend on workplace and metabolism. The present findings seem to be consistent with other research Vaughn, which found heat is produced in the body as a result of metabolic activity. The age of workers in this workstation is under 25 and youth.

In this level of age, the metabolism rises to peak production. In this workplace the workers sitting is close from large window on a cloudy. There is reason air temperature higher than radiant temperature. Furthermore, environmental factors are not only the reason of dissatisfaction in this workstation but the facilities in this workstation also the reason discomfort of occupant. For example, the fan is not enough for this workstation.

Future studies on the current topic are therefore recommended. Further research should be done to investigate the environment factor weakness for increase productivity and getting occupant health and safety. This is an important issue for workers in the industry. Based on the study, it can be concluded that personal awareness on the environment factor knowledge plays a vital roles in determining the correct action and practices during the working activities.

Finally, due to limitation of data, the study unable to address thermal comfort and to identify the thermal comfort effect to the operators and it productivity. Thermal interactions between human body and its environment are very influence. This research has thrown up many questions in need of further investigation. After the observation several point of jobs can be improve as follows:. Increase the luminance is the most important part to consider since the analysis results the lighting at workplace far beyond the recommend value lux base on IESNA Rea, Similar Articles in this Journal.

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