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IN the following pages we have endeavoured to set forth an account of the customs and social organisation of certain of the tribes inhabiting Central Australia.
Table of contents

Australian Aboriginal Studies , No. Limit Search: Full text only. Video only. This Issue This Publication Anywhere. National Archives of Australia. National Museum of Australia.

Wild Man! ... Filmed For The First Time (1932)

Wales, 31 December National Treasures from Australia's Great Libraries. National Library of Australia. Archived from the original on 28 October Retrieved 5 November State Library of New South Wales. Retrieved 19 June Canberra: Australian National University. Retrieved 4 November Australian Heritage magazine. Archived from the original on 25 May Retrieved 21 April Retrieved 23 April A newspaper report of the time states that only five were killed: "The Western Australian Journal".

However, according to Warren Bert Kimberly's History of West Australia , relying on local memories: "The black men were killed by dozens, and their corpses lined the route of march of the avengers. On the sand patch near Mininup, skeletons and skulls of natives reported to have been killed in are still to be found. Surviving natives held the place in such terror that they would not go near to give the corpses burial. Even now natives refuse to disturb the bones. Melbourne: F. Kimberly gives no more precise number. More recent sources quote a number of to , though none of these appear to be supported anywhere other than oral history of unknown origin.

Out of the Silence: The history and memory of South Australia's frontier wars. Adelaide: Wakefield Press. Retrieved 4 December National Gallery of Australia. Retrieved 13 May The Report. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 26 May Retrieved 18 April Blainey, Geoffrey A Short History of the World.

Lanham: Ivan R. Bottoms, Timothy Conspiracy of Silence: Queensland's frontier killing times. Broome, Richard Canberra, A. Butlin, Noel G. Coates, John An Atlas of Australia's Wars.

Image from page 75 of 'The Native Tribes of Central Australia. [With illustrations.]' .

Melbourne: Oxford University Press. Connor, John The Australian frontier wars, — In Dennis, Peter; et al. Coulthard-Clark, Chris D. The Encyclopedia of Australia's Battles Second ed. Passionate Histories: Myth, memory and Indigenous Australia. Aboriginal History Monograph. A Military History of Australia Second ed.

Port Melbourne: Cambridge University Press. Grey, Jeffrey A Military History of Australia Third ed.

Australian frontier wars - Wikipedia

Knop, Karen May Diversity and Self-Determination in International Law. Cambridge Studies in International and Comparative Law. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 9 January Macintyre, Stuart A Concise History of Australia. Cambridge Concise Histories First ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Reynolds, Henry Ringwood: Penguin Books Australia.

Illustrated Sydney News, 1853–55

Williams, Glyndwr, ed. Captain Cooks Voyages — London: Folio Society. Frontier: Aborigines, Settlers and Land. Sydney: Allen and Unwin. Skinner, Leslie E. Lucia, Queensland: University of Queensland Press. Australian Frontier Wars Booth, Andrea 18 April Clayton-Dixon, Callum Connor, John October The Journal of Military History. Kent Town: Wakefield Press. Foster, Robert; Nettlebeck, Amanda Out of the Silence: the history and memory of South Australia's frontier wars. Gapps, Stephen The Sydney Wars: Conflict in the early colony, Grassby, Al ; Hill, Marji Six Australian Battlefields.

Loos, Noel A. Smith, Aaron 26 May Stanley, Peter Kenthurst: Kangaroo Press. Australian frontier wars.

The Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia and Indigenous Peoples 1901-1967

Military history of Australia. Categories : Military history of Australia History of Indigenous Australians History of Australia — History of Australia — History of Australia —45 18th-century conflicts 19th-century conflicts 20th-century conflicts Australian frontier wars Violence against Aboriginal Australians Civil wars involving the states and peoples of Oceania Proxy wars. Hidden categories: All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from October Articles with permanently dead external links CS1: Julian—Gregorian uncertainty Use Australian English from April All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English Use dmy dates from April Pages using deprecated image syntax Wikipedia articles needing clarification from April Commons category link is on Wikidata.

Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. In other projects Wikimedia Commons. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Date — [2]. Minimum 2,—2, dead [3]. Minimum 40, dead [4]. However, significant gains in life expectation by Native Americans and Canadians and the Maori have been made in recent decades.

Today, Australia has fallen significantly behind in improving the life expectation of its Indigenous peoples. Although comparisons should be made with caution because of the way different countries calculate life expectation data from the late s suggests Indigenous males in Australia live between 8. For the period —05, among the residents of Queensland, Western Australia, South Australia and the Northern Territory jurisdictions where the data is deemed reliable , deaths recorded as being of an Indigenous person accounted for 3.

For the period —05, Indigenous infant deaths represented 6. Indigenous infant and child health is significantly poorer than that of non-Indigenous infants and children. A 'low birth weight baby' weighs less than 2, grams at birth [47] indicating, among other things, foetal malnutrition.

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There is a growing body of evidence that suggests a malnourished foetus will program its body in a way that will incline it to chronic diseases later in life. Approximately twice as many low birth weight infants were born to Indigenous women compared to those born to non-Indigenous women over and After significant reductions to the Indigenous infant mortality rate in the s and s, there was a levelling out of the rate in the mid s. The decline is believed to have halted because of the generally poorer health of Indigenous mothers; their exposure to risk factors; and the poor state of health infrastructure in which infants were raised.

The infant mortality rate is expressed as the number of deaths in the first year per 1, births in a population. The ABS concluded in that no reliable Indigenous infant mortality rate national trend either for better or worse was identifiable, largely because of the poor quality of data. Chronic diseases, and in particular cardiovascular disease, are the biggest single killers of Indigenous peoples and an area where the Indigenous and non-Indigenous health equality gap is most apparent. The rates of death from the five main groups of chronic diseases compared to the non-Indigenous population over is set out in Table 2 as a Standardised Mortality Rate SMR.

The SMR is calculated by dividing recorded Indigenous deaths by expected Indigenous deaths with the latter based on the age, sex and cause specific rates for non-Indigenous Australians. Data highlighting the significantly higher rates of communicable diseases among Indigenous peoples compared to the non-Indigenous population is presented here from the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System.

The ratio is calculated by dividing reported Indigenous notifications divided by expected Indigenous notifications.