Manual STEM Careers: A student’s guide to opportunities in science, technology, engineering and maths

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Table of contents

What is STEM Education?

High school students are typically required to take focused classes in both biology and chemistry, with elections available in physics, geology, meteorology, astronomy and other fields. Biology is the study of living organisms. It is taught in different stages throughout elementary, middle and high school, with many different focuses.

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Introductory biology is often an exploration of anatomy, bodily functions and metabolic processes, with forays into ecology and the interaction between living organisms and their environment. High school biology offers students a more in-depth analysis of the topics covered in elementary and middle school.

Support for Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) | Department of Education

Through lectures, readings, examinations, research assignments and lab exercises, high school biology courses provide students with the opportunity to explore microbiology, biotechnology , and biomedical issues. Additionally, Advanced Placement biology courses cover three major topic areas: molecules and cells, heredity and evolution, and organisms and populations.

More details for Science Teacher Jobs and employee salary details at Glassdoor. It is one of the most important branches of science in that it serves as a foundation for more advanced areas of biology, geology, astronomy and more. Chemistry students study the atom and atomic structure, learning how they fuse together to create compounds.

Students are first introduced to overarching principles of chemistry such as the states of matter, conservation of matter and the composition of matter as collections of molecules and atoms. These topics are then explored through simple chemical reactions and everyday applications of chemistry. Introductory Chemistry is a required course at most high schools in the United States.

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High school chemistry instructors teach students the mathematical reasoning behind the principles of chemistry. Curricula for Introductory Chemistry focus on chemical bonds and compounds, as well as stoichiometry, the mathematical analysis of chemical reactions. Students establish familiarity with chemistry equations and the periodic table of the elements, preparing them for Advanced Placement Chemistry, which involves a more in-depth mathematical analysis of the concepts covered in Introductory Chemistry.

Physics encompasses the science of matter, motion and energy. A highly advanced and complex area of science, physics is not usually taught at the elementary and middle school levels. However, elements of physics are incorporated into the general science education that younger students receive.

In elementary and middle school, students begin to learn about gravity, friction and kinetic energy all of which are basic principles of physics. Physics is often offered in high school after students have completed introductory levels of biology and chemistry. High school physics begins to incorporate mathematics through physics equations and formulas. A typical high school physics curriculum begins with general theories of motion, including force, kinetic energy, friction and acceleration.

Classes then cover more advanced motion, such as tension. Students in the United States begin studying mathematics at around five or six years of age, continuing through secondary school and into higher education. In elementary school , children are introduced to basic mathematics, and the theories and methods covered in math classes become increasingly complex as students age. Many schools will offer different levels of classes as students may show a greater or lesser aptitude for complex math courses.

School of Science, Technology, Engineering & Math (STEM)

During elementary school, students are taught basic arithmetic: addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. These concepts are elaborated on in middle school , where students will study basic algebra and concepts of variable, integers and polynomials. Many students will have completed some form of pre-algebra or even algebra 1 by the time they enter high school, although geometry is occasionally taught in eighth grade as an honors course. In high school , the general math curriculum includes algebra 1, algebra 2 and geometry in ningth and tenth grades.

High school mathematics can continue with the study of algebra 3, otherwise known as trigonometry, around 11th grade. Students will complete their high school math courses senior year with either pre-calculus or calculus, although that is usually only offered at an honors level. Algebra is an area of mathematics that focuses on the rules of operations and relations, and the constructions and concepts that arise from them.

Subjects within algebra include terms, polynomials, equations and algebraic structures. Algebra is a required mathematics class in all 50 states and is taught in several different stages.

Careers in STEM

While stages may vary from school to school, the general stages include pre-algebra, algebra 1 and algebra 2. Pre-algebra is often taught at the middle school level, and introduces the basic concepts of polynomials and variables, thus bridging the gap between basic arithmetic and advanced algebra. Elementary algebra that is, the beginning levels of algebra introduces the concept of variables representing numbers.

Some districts introduce algebra 1 to middle school students as an honors class, though for the most part, this stage is taught at the high school level. In high school, students must complete algebra 1 and algebra 2, followed by trigonometry or pre-calculus algebra 3. The complexity of these subjects increases as the grade level increases, but they all generally incorporate elements of powers, roots, polynomials, quadratic functions, coordinate geometry, exponential and logarithmic functions, probability, matrices and basic to advanced trigonometry. Geometry is an area of mathematics concerned with questions of size, shape, relative positions of figures and the properties of space.

Geometry deals with measurements, such as volume, length, angles, proofs, area, circumferences, etc. It includes algebraic forms, such as Cartesian coordinates. Geometry also overlaps somewhat with trigonometry, serving as a foundation for a more specialized area of mathematics. Only 43 percent of those working in manual or physical occupations and 37 percent of those working in retail or service jobs said the same. STEM extends beyond petri dishes and coding on a computer.

It includes food production, manufacturing and more than meets the initial eye. Its impact on society and current gaps in U. Only 18 percent of Americans believe careers in STEM have more flexibility for balancing work and family compared to jobs in other industries, according to Pew. From virtual physics teacher to technology marketing manager, there are more flexible STEM careers available than you might think.

If so, can you get the degree online? Or will it require attaining an online certification? Research the salary potential and years of school needed for your anticipated career. This will help you with a financial budget and plan. Any initial investment could be offset by your high-paying career down the road.


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Always look for any grants or scholarships you can find. Grants are often need-based, while scholarships are usually merit-based. You can also consider getting a student loan.

What do you want to do - STEM Careers

Direct Subsidized and Unsubsidized loans are great options because interest rates are lower than private loans you could get from a student loan lender. Not sure you want to fully go back to school or want to prepare before you do? Many classes and certifications are offered online. You can find both free and fee-based programs to advance your career and knowledge base. You can find course materials, videos and lecture series through the following free and low-cost programs, some at highly-ranked colleges and universities.

In addition to training programs offered from colleges, universities, certificate programs, coding academies and more, take advantage of tech-focused meet-up groups and workshops. Networking is just as important as technical skills and can lead to a job, according to the National Center for Biotechnology Information.

A plan is a tax-advantaged investment vehicle that encourages savings for future qualified higher education expenses such as tuition, fees, books, computers, computer software and other supplies and equipment. Check into your state-sponsored plan. Note that the beneficiary cannot be changed to a parent if the plan is a custodial plan.


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There are fewer females in traditionally white male-dominated STEM fields. Despite these numbers, female and minority numbers in STEM careers continues to increase each year. BHW Scholarship.