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Henry VIII (28 June – 28 January ) was King of England from until his death in He was the second Tudor monarch, succeeding his father​.
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The Six Queens of Henry VIII Episode 1

Henry was infatuated with Anne Bolelyn, one of the ladies-in-waiting to the Queen, and marriage to Anne would hopefully give Henry the male heir he so desperately wanted. Anne returned to England in and became a popular figure at court. By Henry was deeply in love with her.

Henry VIII

Henry was desperate for an heir to continue the Tudor dynasty and to avoid any future civil war. Twenty years of marriage to Catherine had resulted in just one surviving child, Mary , and now at the age of 40, Catherine was unlikely to bear any more children. She had married Arthur in , but was widowed aged just It took a further seven years before Henry and Catherine were married in At the time of their marriage, Henry was 18 and very much in love with the 23 year old Catherine.

However Henry now wanted a divorce so he could marry Anne. Catherine insisted that she had been a virgin when she married Henry and refused to accept an annulment of the marriage. Pope Clement VII was put in a difficult position as any decision he made would anger one or the other.

Henry VIII (r.1509-1547)

He delayed announcing a decision for as long as possible before refusing to grant the divorce. Wolsey had failed to secure the divorce for Henry and was deposed from office. Thomas More was brought in to replace Wolsey as Chancellor. Henry took matters into his own hands and broke from Rome and the Roman Catholic Church.

Excommunicated by the Pope, in Henry divorced Catherine and married Anne, who was now pregnant. Catherine, now Princess Dowager of Wales, was forced to leave court. For the next three years she lived in seclusion in a series of dank castles and manors with just a few servants. Prior to the break with Rome, for centuries Mass had been said in Latin.

Cranmer believed it was important for the people to worship in English and so was responsible for the first English Bible authorized for public use which was distributed to every church in the land. Revolts against the new Church of England and the new service were put down. Thomas Cromwell became Vicar-General and later Chancellor and was instrumental in the Dissolution of the Monasteries from to Ironically after all this upheaval, the longed-for child was a girl, Elizabeth , and Henry was bitterly disappointed.

On 2nd May , Anne was arrested. On 19th May Anne was beheaded at the Tower of London- the first English queen to be publicly executed. Henry married his mistress Jane Seymour just over a week later. The ruins of Glastonbury Abbey. Jane, a committed Catholic, begged Henry to abandon the Dissolution of the Monasteries.

However when she gave birth to the long awaited male heir, Edward in , all was forgiven and Henry was ecstatic.

Henry VIII: Early Life

Unfortunately following the birth Jane contracted puerpural fever and died: Henry was distraught. The Dissolution of the Monasteries began in and ended in The king decided to seek a papal annulment that would free him to remarry. Wolsey was forced from power for his failure and died in awaiting trial for treason. In Henry and Anne Boleyn were married, and their daughter Elizabeth was born.


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Mary was declared illegitimate and Elizabeth named his heir. In January of Henry was unhorsed and injured during a jousting tournament. When news of his accident reached the pregnant Anne, she miscarried, delivering a stillborn son. Henry then spurned her, turning his affections to another woman of his court, Jane Seymour.

The Many Wives of King Henry VIII

Within six months he had executed Anne for treason and incest and married Jane, who quickly gave him a son the future Edward IV but died two weeks later. Anne of Cleves was a political bride, chosen to cement an alliance with her brother, the ruler of a Protestant duchy in Germany. The marriage only lasted a few days before Henry had it annulled.

He then married Catherine Howard, but two years later she too was beheaded for treason and adultery. In the last years of his reign Henry grew moody, obese and suspicious, hobbled by personal intrigues and by the persistent leg wound from his jousting injury.

His final marriage, to the widow Catherine Parr in , saw his reconciliation with Mary and Elizabeth, who were restored to the line of succession.


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His 9-year-old son Edward VI succeeded him as king but died six years later. In an attempt to establish ties with the German Protestant alliance, Thomas Cromwell arranged a marriage between the king and German princess Anne of Cleves. The marriage was a disaster and Henry divorced Anne a few months later.

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Henry blamed Cromwell for this mismatch and soon afterwards had him executed for treason. The final years of his reign witnessed Henry VIII's physical decline and an increasing desire to appear all-powerful. Henry continued with fruitless and expensive campaigns against Scotland and France. In , the aging King married the teenage Catherine Howard. Their marriage was short lived. It was alleged that she had a previous relationship with Henry's courtier Francis Dereham and an affair with another courtier Thomas Culpeper.

Catherine was executed for adultery and treason in Henry's final marriage to Catherine Parr, who acted like a nurse, was more harmonious and she would go on to outlive him.

Henry VIII: Man and Monarch

He was buried next to Jane Seymour in St. George's Chapel at Windsor Castle. This page has been archived and is no longer updated.