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Built to Win: The Female Athlete as Cultural Icon Series: Sport and Culture For me, sports have always been about expressing myself through competition.
Table of contents

Taken together, these ideas comprise a significant barrier to entry for women with any interest in sports; one that, even as women challenge it , the rest of us reinforce. So rise for the national anthem, and read on to see why in the game of equality, the scoreboard is looking decidedly grim. On the field and in the stands, athletic contests have become proxies for the human instinct to compete for survival. The gap between sports and the military has always been narrow; historically, it was non-existent.

Athletes and soldiers were the same thing —training to peak physical fitness to prepare for combat, sparring at home as preparation for combat abroad. Even the Olympics were seen as a way to determine which states had the favor of the gods; rather than assert dominance through open warfare, athletes exhibited their warrior prowess through sport.


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It was something like the Cold War, but detente depended on wrestlers and sprinters, rather than nuclear warheads. Because men have historically dominated the military, it follows that their wargames would be similarly male-dominated. Most popular sports were developed by men, for men, as a way to both test and hone their manliness. And while participation has since been opened up to include women, the fundamentally gendered conception of sports persists. There is also a persistent question over whether military training and fitness will be compromised in order to accommodate female soldiers.

Female athletes may not be short on appropriate gear, but the system and business of sports are still an utterly male legacy. That legacy of male dominance is especially important in light of the critical differences between male and female anatomy. While none of this biology means women are inherently unable to compete or perform on the same level as men, it does mean that they have to work harder to meet identical fitness standards.

There is a larger sample size of football players receiving concussions, so in absolute terms, more male athletes are suffering from traumatic head injuries than females. There is also evidence suggesting differences between how male and female bodies respond to concussions, further compounding the issue. Outside the professional realm, there is a tendency to ignore the fact that different children of both sexes will mature and develop at different rates, and that athletic training should account for these developmental differences. Specialization directly correlates with increased risk and rates of injury in both sexes, but it also correlates with getting competing for limited college scholarship funds and a shot at going professional.

Its charter called for full employment, decent housing, and the end of police brutality. Unlike black separatists, the Panthers welcomed all races and found wealthy liberals willing to give them money. Historians have detailed its mistreatment of female members, extortion, drug dealing, embezzlement and murder. At least 19 Panthers were killed in shootouts with one another, the authorities or other black revolutionaries. As many members went off to prison and the group dwindled, Newton became a despotic and paranoid drug addict, wielding dictatorial powers with a small coterie, and knocking off anyone in his way.

In , he earned a Ph. But he was shot to death on Aug. He was 47, a victim of the same streets he had once tried to make safe. Coachman was in a position to know. That set an Olympic record and — because Coachman had achieved it on the first try — earned her the gold medal. When Coachman died in , at 90, the fact that she was the first black woman to win an Olympic gold medal was the salient point of her obituary in The New York Times.

Nigerians are making waves in the U.S. due to their intensity, intelligence and athleticism

Sixty-six years earlier, however, The Times had not even mentioned the fact in its dispatch from London. The correspondent, Allison Danzig , barely noted that Coachman had set a record. Viewers could see with their own eyes what newspaper reporters and radio commentators of earlier eras did not necessarily emphasize. Coachman was treated almost as a nonperson on her homecoming to Albany, Ga.

25 Black Athletes Who Changed the World

The mayor refused to shake her hand. Some of it had to do with one of her gifts. Rhoden of The Times in That was the climax. I won the gold medal.

The Female Athlete as Cultural Icon

I proved to my mother, my father, my coach and everybody else that I had gone to the end of my rope. At the Olympics, maybe. The truth is that her career as an exemplar was just beginning. If you could have dinner with one person who is no longer with us, and whose obituary was published in The New York Times, who would it be, and why that person? Not Forgotten is asking that question of a variety of influential people this summer in a series of posts called Breaking Bread.

Today we have Dominique Dawes , the first African-American female gymnast to win an individual medal. If I could choose to have dinner with somebody who has passed away, I would choose to dine with Mother Angelica. She is the only woman to have founded and led a cable network for over 20 years. Mother Angelica would understand this meal: She was raised around blacks and poor Italians in a tough Canton, Ohio, neighborhood. She knew people, she understood their plights, she was one of them!

And she knew resilience most of all, raised by a single mother from an early age after her father had abandoned them. I often wondered how she overcame this abandonment, learned to forgive her father and ultimately trust in God? She was a cloistered nun, in a convent, yet she was seen by hundreds of millions of people worldwide as the host of a series on EWTN. How was she able to embrace both of these so very opposite vocations? I am an introvert by nature, and performing in front of millions during the Olympic Games gave me anxiety, as does speaking at events in front of thousands now.

And I would ask her how I might help others, whether they suffer from anxiety, depression, addiction, physical ailments or the pain of abandonment or divorce. Her whole life, after all, was dedicated to helping others, especially the disenfranchised. Mother Angelica, I would ask, how can we here on earth emulate what you did, even in a smaller way, offering help to others in a world that so desperately needs it? The Sultan of Swat. The Caliph of Clout. The Great Bambino. When baseball fans hear these monikers, nearly 70 years after Babe Ruth died on Aug.

But before Ruth tantalized fans with his prodigious power, he was practically helpless. From the time he was 7 years old, Ruth grew up in St.

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He might have amounted to nothing without the help of one dedicated mentor. George Herman Ruth Jr. His mother was the former Katherine Schamberger. He was a rambunctious child who routinely skipped school, drank and taunted local police officers around his home. He became so unruly that his parents sent him to St. At St. His parents had signed over custodial rights to the school and essentially washed their hands of him, leaving Ruth alone and desperately in need of a father figure. Then he met Brother Matthias, a brawny, 6-foot-6 disciplinarian and assistant athletic director at St.

Matthias was widely credited with introducing Ruth to baseball. Ruth learned to play during the dead-ball era of the early 20th century, when hitters swung down on the ball, kept it inside the park and relied on speed as their greatest asset. Baseball was strategic, built on grounders, bunts and stolen bases instead of power. Matthias had a different approach.

He belted majestic fly balls deep into the St.

That summer he was acquired by the Boston Red Sox, for whom he would win his first three championships as a pitcher and an outfielder. Ruth played 15 seasons with the Bombers, amassing four more championships. His records include a.

Youth sports as a development zone: Jim Thompson at TEDxFargo

An inveterate cigar smoker, he learned he had throat cancer a decade later and died from the disease on this day in Most boxers battle for the title, money and acclaim. Stevenson, who stood 6 feet 5 inches, weighed pounds and battered opponents with a deft left jab and a sledgehammer straight right, won three consecutive Olympic heavyweight gold medals for Cuba, in in Munich, in Montreal and in Moscow.

His victory made him the first Olympic boxer to earn three consecutive gold medals in the same division. But he might have had a chance for another: Stevenson was still a tremendous fighter when Cuba boycotted the Olympics in Los Angeles. He won the last of his three amateur boxing world titles two years later at the age of After his first two medals, boxing promoters were practically slavering at the potential ticket sales of a Cold War-era match between Stevenson, a product of Communist Cuba, and Muhammad Ali , who died in June at Ali told The New York Times in that he thought Stevenson was a promising amateur fighter but that he was probably not ready for the pros.