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Nov 9, - The Roswell UFO incident took place in the summer of , when a a rancher named Mac Brazel found something unusual in his sheep.
Table of contents

As described in the July 9, , edition of the Roswell Daily Record :. The balloon which held it up, if that was how it worked, must have been 12 feet [3. The rubber was smoky gray in color and scattered over an area about yards [ m] in diameter.

They speculated that the light somehow transported them back to where they started.

When the debris was gathered up, the tinfoil, paper, tape, and sticks made a bundle about three feet [1 m] long and 7 or 8 inches [18 or 20 cm] thick, while the rubber made a bundle about 18 or 20 inches [45 or 50 cm] long and about 8 inches [20 cm] thick. In all, he estimated, the entire lot would have weighed maybe five pounds [2 kg]. There was no sign of any metal in the area which might have been used for an engine, and no sign of any propellers of any kind, although at least one paper fin had been glued onto some of the tinfoil.

There were no words to be found anywhere on the instrument, although there were letters on some of the parts. Considerable Scotch tape and some tape with flowers printed upon it had been used in the construction. No strings or wires were to be found but there were some eyelets in the paper to indicate that some sort of attachment may have been used. A telex sent to a Federal Bureau of Investigation FBI office from the Fort Worth, Texas , office quoted a Major from the Eighth Air Force also based in Fort Worth at Carswell Air Force Base on July 8, , as saying that "The disc is hexagonal in shape and was suspended from a ballon [ sic ] by cable, which ballon [ sic ] was approximately twenty feet 6 m in diameter.

Early on Tuesday, July 8, the RAAF issued a press release, which was immediately picked up by numerous news outlets: [12]. The many rumors regarding the flying disc became a reality yesterday when the intelligence office of the th Bomb group of the Eighth Air Force, Roswell Army Air Field, was fortunate enough to gain possession of a disc through the cooperation of one of the local ranchers and the sheriff's office of Chaves County.

The flying object landed on a ranch near Roswell sometime last week. Not having phone facilities, the rancher stored the disc until such time as he was able to contact the sheriff's office, who in turn notified Maj.

2. Roswell, 1947

Jesse A. Marcel of the th Bomb Group Intelligence Office. Action was immediately taken and the disc was picked up at the rancher's home. Colonel William H.

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Blanchard , commanding officer of the th, contacted General Roger M. At the base, Warrant Officer Irving Newton confirmed Ramey's preliminary opinion, identifying the object as being a weather balloon and its "kite", [7] a nickname for a radar reflector used to track the balloons from the ground. The military decided to conceal the true purpose of the crashed device— nuclear test monitoring—and instead inform the public that the crash was of a weather balloon.

A press conference was held, featuring debris foil, rubber and wood said to be from the crashed object, which matched the weather balloon description. Historian Robert Goldberg wrote that the intended effect was achieved: "the story died the next day". Subsequently, the incident faded from the attention of UFO enthusiasts for more than 30 years.

Friedman , William Moore , Karl T. Pflock , and the team of Kevin D. Randle and Donald R. Schmitt interviewed several hundred people who claimed to have had a connection with the events at Roswell in Their conclusions were that at least one alien spacecraft crashed near Roswell, alien bodies had been recovered, and a government cover-up of the incident had taken place.

Over the years, books, articles, and television specials brought the incident significant notoriety. According to anthropologists Susan Harding and Kathleen Stewart, the Roswell Story was the prime example of how a discourse moved from the fringes to the mainstream according to the prevailing zeitgeist : public preoccupation in the s with "conspiracy, cover-up and repression" aligned well with the Roswell narratives as told in the "sensational books" which were being published.

In , nuclear physicist and author Stanton Friedman interviewed Jesse Marcel, the only person known to have accompanied the Roswell debris from where it was recovered to Fort Worth where reporters saw material which was claimed to be part of the recovered object. The accounts given by Friedman and others in the following years elevated Roswell from a forgotten incident to perhaps the most famous UFO case of all time.


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Historian Kathy Olmsted writes that the material in this book has come to be known as "version 1" of the Roswell myth. Berlitz and Moore's narrative holds that an alien craft was flying over the New Mexico desert observing US nuclear weapons activity, but crashed after being hit by lightning , killing the aliens on board; a government cover-up duly followed. The authors claimed to have interviewed over 90 witnesses. Though he was uncredited, Friedman carried out some research for the book. Whitman who had interviewed Mac Brazel, suggested the material Marcel recovered had super-strength not associated with a weather balloon.

International UFO Museum, United States

The book introduced the contention that debris which was recovered by Marcel at the Foster ranch, visible in photographs showing Marcel posing with the debris, was substituted for debris from a weather device as part of a cover-up. The efforts by the military were described as being intended to discredit and "counteract the growing hysteria towards flying saucers". Berlitz and Moore's narrative was dominant until the late s when other authors, attracted by the commercial potential of writing about Roswell, started producing rival accounts.

They added new witnesses, altered and tightened the narrative, and included several "sinister" new twists. Some new details were included, including accounts of a "gouge Several witnesses in The Roswell Incident described being turned back from the Foster ranch by armed military police, but extensive descriptions were not given. In the new account, Brazel was described as leading the Army to a second crash site on the ranch, at which point the Army personnel were supposedly "horrified to find civilians [including Barnett] there already.

Glenn Dennis was produced as a supposedly important witness in , after calling the hotline when an episode of Unsolved Mysteries featured the Roswell incident. His descriptions of Roswell alien autopsies were the first account that said there were alien corpses at the Roswell Army Air Base. Randle and Schmitt's book sold , copies. The television film Roswell was based on the book. In , Stanton Friedman re-entered the scene with his own book Crash at Corona , co-authored with Don Berliner — an author of books on space and aviation.

Randle and Schmitt responded with another book, updating their previous narrative with several new details, including the claim that alien bodies were taken by cargo plane to be viewed by Dwight D. Eisenhower , who was curious about their appearance. Former Lt. Philip J. Corso reported in his autobiographical book that the Roswell Crash did happen and that when he was assigned to Fort Riley Kansas in July , 5 trucks of 25 tons and some semi-trailers entered the base from Fort Bliss , Texas.

He claimed while he was patrolling the base he was brought into the medical facilities by Sgt. Brown and shown the remnants of bodies that were from an "air crash". The existence of so many differing accounts by led to a schism among ufologists about the events at Roswell. One issue under discussion was where Barnett was when he saw the alien craft he was said to have encountered.

A UFO conference attempted to achieve a consensus among the various scenarios portrayed in Crash at Corona and UFO Crash at Roswell ; however, the publication of The Truth About the UFO Crash at Roswell "resolved" the Barnett problem by simply ignoring Barnett and citing a new location for the alien craft recovery, including a new group of archaeologists not connected to the ones the Barnett story cited. Don Schmitt held that variations in narratives between different writers was not, however, an essential problem, commenting by way of comparison, "We know Jesus Christ was crucified, we just don't know where.

Hundreds of people were interviewed by the various researchers, but critics point out that only a few of these people claimed to have seen debris or aliens.

Kevin D. Randle

Most witnesses were repeating the claims of others, and their testimony would be considered hearsay in an American court of law and therefore inadmissible as evidence. Of the 90 people claimed to have been interviewed for The Roswell Incident , the testimony of only 25 appears in the book, and only seven of these people saw the debris.

Of these, five handled the debris. Approximately people are listed in the book who were "contacted and interviewed" for the book, and this number does not include those who chose to remain anonymous, meaning more than witnesses were interviewed, a figure Pflock said the authors frequently cited. As for the accounts from those who claimed to have seen aliens, critics identified problems ranging from the reliability of second-hand accounts, to credibility problems with witnesses making demonstrably false claims, or multiple, contradictory accounts, to dubious death-bed confessions or accounts from elderly and easily confused witnesses.

Albert Lovejoy Duran, and Gerald Anderson. A problem with all the accounts, charge critics, is they all came about a minimum of 31 years after the events in question, and in many cases were recounted more than 40 years after the fact. Not only are memories this old of dubious reliability, they were also subject to contamination from other accounts the interviewees may have been exposed to.

In The Roswell Incident , Marcel stated, "Actually, this material may have looked like tinfoil and balsa wood, but the resemblance ended there They took one picture of me on the floor holding up some of the less-interesting metallic debris The stuff in that one photo was pieces of the actual stuff we found. It was not a staged photo. In response to these reports, and after United States congressional inquiries, the General Accounting Office launched an inquiry and directed the Office of the United States Secretary of the Air Force to conduct an internal investigation.

The result was summarized in two reports. The first, released in , concluded that the material recovered in was likely debris from Project Mogul , a military surveillance program employing high-altitude balloons and classified portion of an unclassified New York University project by atmospheric researchers [47].


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The second report, released in , concluded that reports of recovered alien bodies were likely a combination of innocently transformed memories of accidents involving military casualties with memories of the recovery of anthropomorphic dummies in military programs such as the s Operation High Dive , mixed with hoaxes perpetrated by various witnesses and UFO proponents.

The psychological effects of time compression and confusion about when events occurred explained the discrepancy with the years in question. The Air Force reports were dismissed by UFO proponents as being either disinformation or simply implausible, though skeptical researchers such as Philip J. Stevens look at a photo of an unidentified flying object which they sighted while en route to Seattle, Washington.

He first believed the objects to be some sort of new military aircraft—this was, after all, just two years after WWII and the first year of the Cold War —but the military confirmed there were no tests being conducted near Mount Rainier that day. Soon, other reports of a group of nine UFOs cropped up across the region, including sightings by a prospector on Mount Adams and the crew of a commercial flight in Idaho. The government never offered a credible explanation for the sightings. It simply claimed Arnold had seen a mirage or was hallucinating.

But UFO mania had set in, and just a few weeks later, the infamous Roswell sighting would perpetuate the obsession. Ever since, conspiracy theorists have been hard at work trying to prove the wreckage was extraterrestrial, with one man, Ray Santilli, going so far as to release a video in of an alien "dissection" purported to have taken place after the incident. Santilli would admit in that it was a staged film, but he maintained that it was based on actual footage.

The crashed weather balloon was, in fact, part of a top-secret military endeavor called Project Mogul, which launched high-altitude balloons carrying equipment used to detect Soviet nuclear tests. On the evening of August 25, , three science professors from Texas Tech were enjoying an evening outdoors in Lubbock, when they looked up and saw a semicircle of lights flying above them at a high speed.