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• New Age Movements and Cults | Sociology | tutor2u
• Customer Reviews
• Modern Religious Cults and Movements
• About This Item

But many outside consider the movement, and its followers, to be a cult.

How have the two been conflated? Cults versus new religions is a matter of perspective, says Ori Tavor , a senior lecturer in the Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations , who teaches a class on new religious movements. Anyone can create a new religion, and can appeal to the government for new religion status and get protections and recognition from the government.

What they have in common may be reason to conflate the two: a charismatic leader. Buddhism and Christianity are both named after a charismatic leader. Islam, originally called Mohammedanism, is also named after its leader. Religions and cults often follow a leader who claims divine, or at least special, access to different models of knowledge and revelations.

Many are martyred. Jesus of Nazareth was famously crucified. End days is another consistent theme in cults and religions, both new and old. Nirvana, heaven, Zion, or outer space are a guiding principle in their scriptures.

The 20th century saw a shift as translated Buddhist and Islamic texts from the East became available amidst a new religious landscape. In the s, Hubbard established the self-help group based on reincarnation of the self, called Dianetics. Look at Rajneeshpuram and its leader, Osho. He was popular in India, then came to the U. Around this time, deprograming and anti-cult movements sprouted. This would be diagnostic of a semantic change. Jim Jones was an anti-segregationist Christian preacher from Indiana who envisioned a mixed-race church.

Jones and his followers left Indiana for California in search of a utopian community.

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When those family members discovered the move overseas, they appealed to the government for intervention. A delegation went to Jonestown—Congressperson Leo Ryan, his aid Jackie Speier, journalists, and cameramen from network news. What started as a fact-finding mission ended with five dead on the tarmac at Port Kaituma airfield, when Ryan and his delegates fled Jonestown along with a handful of defectors. From the Foreword by Rodney Stark "The authors have spent years examining new religious movements.

They are fully aware of the immense variety of groups and know the factual and moral complexities involved in characterizing them. They wrote this book for students Thus they do not write about cults because they find them entertaining or because they are attracted to their messages or lifestyles. They write about them because they think the topic of new religious movements is important. One of the most successful of these movements is the Calgary-based Victory Church.

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It was originally founded in Lethbridge by George and Hazel Hill. Today it is a growing denomination with over local congregations and significant international links. In the Victory Church movement, led by its Lethbridge congregation, successfully challenged the CRTC's ruling against religious broadcasting and is pioneering independent religious broadcasting in Canada.

Even more spectacular is the international impact of the Toronto Vineyard Church. Although group-organized new religious movements have gained notoriety, a growing number of people from young adults through to seniors are involved in individual quests for spirituality and healing and do not affiliate with such groups. Further, the movement defies definition because it lacks clear-cut parameters. It is best seen as a broad attempt at an overall social and spiritual paradigm shift.

It was used by Alice Bailey and others, influenced by Helena Blavatsky, in the s. Canadian Richard Bucke's Cosmic Consciousness was also an early forerunner of today's esoteric spirituality. In the early s anthropologist Michael Harner began to teach generic shamanic techniques to Westerners in workshops for use in healing and spiritual quests The Way of the Shaman , , and Castaneda began his series of books about a sorcerer, Don Juan.

Starhawk, whose real name is Miriam Simos, and others wrote about and practised a Goddess religion which promoted the growth of neo-paganism and modern witchcraft, usually known as Wicca. Marilyn Ferguson argued that a personal and social transformation was underway involving holism, a new world view and a paradigm shift.

• Congregational Research Resources.
• New Religious Movements.
• In this Book.
• I siet pas and Ciribiribin - Guitar?
• Religious Movements in Contemporary America.
• Modern Religious Cults And Movements.
• Introduction.

People involved with New Age thinking and practices draw on a wide range of interests such as astrology; magic; trans-channelling, which is a form of spiritualist mediumship; crystal healing; tarot card reading; meditation; out-of-body experiences; karma; reincarnation; Celtic and Druidic systems; North American and other native and non-native traditional religious systems; and ecological concerns.

Thus, while there is no general agreement among practitioners, a wide range of beliefs and practices are available to potential users. At its most sophisticated, however, the Mystical Movement attempts to integrate modern scientific theories, including quantum mechanics, space-time physics, genetics, biology and neurophysiology, with mysticism to gain a broader, more holistic understanding of reality. Transformation, holism, the merging of science and religion are major themes. Involvement with nonbiomedical healing is prevalent at all levels of the movement through various kinds of spiritual healing such as laying-on-of-hands, and Reiki.

More organized endeavours can be seen in such groups as the Calgary-based Wild Rose Clinic, which has a continental cliental and offers correspondence courses in traditional healing and herbalism. If membership of new religious groups is small, interest in new forms of spirituality is slowly growing.

What is unique about the Mystical Movement and growing spirituality is its lack of a formal organization and the dissemination of its views through various media: books, magazines, videos, television programs, and most recently the internet. Spiritual and New Age literature can be found in most Canadian towns and the larger cities in regular book stores and libraries; larger cities usually have several bookshops devoted to New Age writings. In Winnipeg, for example, there are 4 specialty bookshops dealing in aspects of the Mystical Movement and esoteric spirituality.

Two of these have been in extistence for at least 7 years.

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As a result the New Age and larger Mystical Movement are best viewed as a growing network of individuals who participate in varying degrees in an overall global belief system, rather than in terms of specific organizations or spiritual groups. Canadians avail themselves of a variety of activities both in this country and in the United States.

Study groups in A Course in Miracles, spiritual development activities, workshops in tarot card reading, neo-shamanism, meditation and healing are widespread activities. People who attend such functions do not join a particular group or become members in an organization. Rather they are clients who receive instruction occasionally there is a fee , which they can use in their own lives or occasionally as a basis on which to establish their own local practice or spiritual interest group.

Participants in such activities select what is relevant to their personal spiritual quest and then move on to other sources of enlightenment. As a result the individual's spiritual paradigm shares much of the overall mystical belief system; nevertheless, each person tailors their own system to his or her own needs and therefore creates a highly personal belief system.

Because those who develop and those who participate in the Mystical Movement are usually well educated members of mainstream society, the movement has the potential to make profound impacts on society and culture. It is primarily an urban, middle-class phenomenon. Spiritualists are not marginal to society, but participate actively in community affairs; their activities are tolerated by society and generally ignored by traditional churches.

Women are equal with men and often take a lead in a spiritual activity. Children are not deliberately drawn into membership: it is necessary to keep a balance between the mystical and the real world, a distinction that might be difficult for a young child. Visitors are warmly welcomed, but no pressure is exerted to join the organization or to accept particular beliefs.

Some spiritualists estimate that there were spiritualists in Canada in the s, but only about one-third were active. Abramic religions are those religions which claim the patriarch Abraham as their common ancestor and include Christianity, Judaism and Islam. Yogic religions are those religions which centre their devotion on the practice of yoga, or meditation, and find their origin in the religious traditions of India.

Primal religions are those religions, including North American native and African religions, which centre on fundamental religious experiences such as dreams, visions, out-of-the-body experiences and the intervention of ancestors in daily life. Using this simplified typology the Unification Church is clearly an Abramic type of religion. It must also be recognized that today many groups combine elements from all 3 types of religion. Thus the Unification Church includes in its practices both Yogic and Primal elements, while Scientology clearly draws some of its beliefs and practices from the Yogic tradition.

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