Fully In Focus

Doc McStuffins "Fully in Focus" Episode information Original air date March 13, Source "Fully in Focus" is the first half of the sixtieth episode of Doc.
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This is very much a writing on the wall, the future.

samy priso show_hot seat with fully focus

As we have moved out of the mobile sector, we will monetise at an appropriate stage our enterprise business. RCom owes over Rs 40, crore to a group of 38 lenders, including Chinese banks, and was resolving the debt through a strategic debt restructuring SDR process. Ambani said he is confident of getting a resolution in the next few months, and added that other monetisation measures, including sale of telecom infrastructure and fibre to Reliance Jio, are at an advanced stage of closure.

He said the company is awaiting final approvals for spectrum sharing and trading from the Department of Telecom. It can be noted that Mukesh Ambani re-entered the telecom sector by buying out a company which had successfully bid for 4G spectrum, along with which he also announced the end of a no-compete pact. Banks are saddled with over Rs 7. He said the residual company will serve 35, businesses through the enterprise, data centres, undersea cables and international voice calling verticals and will get half of its revenues from abroad.

The company already has three million sq ft of built up space, which will be leased out to multi-nationals, Ambani said, adding that he expects revenue accruals through it this year itself. Some of the shareholders appreciated efforts taken by the company, while wading through choppy waters, but there were a few critical ones as well. When one such shareholder persisted, a company official patted him on the back, probably pointing to the time constraints.

When he complained, Anil Ambani said from the stage this is a pat and not a stab, and asked him to continue with the question.

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The mention of the Rafale controversy prompted Anil Ambani to stop him from speaking further. I do respect, in a democratic world, his comments. The RCom scrip was trading 6. Company to monetise its India enterprise, GCX businesses: Providing a relief to debt-ridden Reliance Communications RCom , the Debt-laden Reliance Communications RCom has completed the sale of its There are a few ways to achieve this, which are worth working into your routine to keep your mind fresh and your ability to focus refreshed. Focused attention is very much like a muscle, one that needs to be strengthened through exercise.

This lets your mind rest and recoup the ability to focus on difficult tasks again later:. Do you have a great way of switching off and letting your brain rest? Let us know in the comments. If you liked this post you might also like The secret to creativity, intelligence and scientific thinking: Being able to make connections and The science of self-control: Bob Gill , Gerald Travinsky.

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Originally written Feb 7, Last updated Apr 26, To review and synethize the research material on focus groups with children and adolescents and to provide guidelines for future development. Psychlit, Medline, and Cinahl electronic databases, as well as the reference lists of those articles consulted, were reviewed for information regarding focus groups with participants under the age of 18 years.

Both empirical and methodological articles were part of this review. We review the utility of focus groups for exploratory research, program evaluation, program development, and questionnaire construction or adaptation. Based on previous research, we provide guidelines for focus groups with children and adolescents and outline suggestions for future development.

There is evidence to suggest that focus groups are a valuable means of eliciting children's views on health-related matters, given an appropriate research question. However, empirical research is required in order to investigate systematically the effect of different processes and variables on the final outcome of focus group interviews. Increasing recognition of the benefits of the qualitative research paradigm has opened up new means of exploration and investigation.

As part of this trend, there has been an increase in the use of focus groups as a viable alternative to traditional one-to-one interviews. The goal of the group is to elicit a discussion that allows the researcher to see the world from the participants' perspectives. For example, focus groups may be used to understand people's opinions of a program, event, or service, to explore the rationale behind people's thoughts or behaviors, or to facilitate the expression of people's perceptions of a certain phenomenon in an open, free, relaxed format.

Focus group discussions allow the researcher to probe both the cognitive and emotional responses of participants while observing the underlying group dynamic. The principles of focus groups set out by Merton, Fiske, and Kendall remain in common practice Krueger, Vaughn, Schumm, and Sinagub , p. Until the mids, focus group methods seem to have been used almost exclusively with adult research participants. Then, for the first time, a small number of publications appeared referring to their use with children. Despite this body of empirical studies, we could find no publications synthesizing the research in which focus groups have been used with children or providing interested researchers with guidelines on how to conduct them.

This article attempts to fill this gap in the literature. In order to identify articles that reported on the use of focus groups, searches were conducted using the Psychlit, Medline, and Cinahl electronic databases, as well as the reference lists of the relevant articles.

Empirical and methodological articles were included. Ninety-three empirical articles were identified as relevant to this review. The criteria used to reduce the number of empirical articles for inclusion in the review were 1 the abstract indicated that focus groups had been one of the primary methods of empirical data collection, 2 children under 18 years were one of the main target groups of the research, and 3 the research was related to pediatric health care.

To obtain further information, we conducted searches within PsychLit using the following key words: Throughout this review, the main aim is to provide interested researchers with a means of determining whether focus groups would be appropriate for their purposes rather than to provide an exhaustive review of all relevant articles. Two further aims are to discuss current practices in focus groups with children and to provide suggestions for future research in the area.

Basch has suggested that focus groups with adults are a relatively easy way to learn about the ideas and opinions of homogeneous groups and that they produce a diverse range of information. The same advantages apply to the use of focus groups with children. The fact that children may respond in ways that they believe the researcher desires has long been seen as a threat to validity in one-to-one interviews between adults and children Donaldson, By removing the emphasis on the adult-child relationship, the focus group may help to overcome some of these concerns.

Lewis also points out that, unlike an interview, the focus group does not have to end when an individual does not respond, thus removing the pressure from a child who might otherwise be tempted to respond to a question that was not fully understood or outside his or her realm of experience. Levine and Zimmerman suggest that a further important advantage of using focus groups with children is that the method acknowledges the participants as experts.

The aim is essentially to discover children's view of their world. Because of this, the results are likely to have high face validity and can be useful in the development of programs, services, or conceptual models. A final advantage of focus groups is their flexibility and ability to combine well with other qualitative and quantitative methods Morgan, ; Vaughn et al. Focus groups can be used to provide meaning to a forced choice format questionnaire by examining the reasons and motives behind people's behavior, or they can be used to inform the design of an instrument.

Basch argues that one of the major limitations of focus groups is that they are not useful for testing hypotheses in the traditional experimental design. Nor does he believe that they are appropriate for drawing inferences about larger populations or for statistical testing and interval estimation, which require quantitative findings. Although the group interaction is generally seen as an advantage of focus groups, there is always the possibility that intimidation within the group setting may inhibit interaction Lewis, Lewis points out that children in focus groups may also adopt themes previously raised by other children rather than offering their own opinion.

However, she also acknowledges that this tagging on may indicate the salience of these ideas within the group. There have also been challenges to the claims made about openness in responding in focus groups. For example, Kitzinger found that, when sensitive personal issues were being discussed, adults sometimes confided information to the researchers that they were not prepared to share with the group.

Fern's research found that individuals who were interviewed on their own reported feeling more anonymous than individuals who participated in focus groups. Another difficulty associated with the use of focus groups, which is not encountered in individual interviews, is scheduling a time and location convenient to all participants. Caution must be also be exercised, as the quality of the findings is inextricably tied to the skills of the moderator Festervand, Potential misuses include the use of focus groups for unsuitable topics for example, to obtain biographical information about a person's life and the use of focus groups with a small and unrepresentative sample as the only empirical evidence to support a decision Morgan, Focus groups can be used in a variety of different types of research studies.

The examples chosen in this section are designed to reflect this diversity so that researchers can determine whether focus groups might be useful to their work.

The Brain Science of Controlling Our Attention & Gaining Focus

Many aspects of health-related behavior that are well understood in adults have not been researched with children e. In these circumstances, focus groups can be a useful means of initial data collection, as they allow exploration of children's knowledge, perceptions, and experiences. In this section, examples of exploratory studies are taken from research on a range of children's health-related behaviors. One widely studied issue using focus groups is the broad area of sexuality, including topics such as sexual activity, contraception, abortion, STDs, and parenting. One of the first such studies was conducted by Kisker , who explored the general question of why contraceptive use was so poor among teenagers in the United States.

Barker and Rich used focus groups to explore factors influencing adolescent sexual behavior with young people in Nigeria and Kenya. The focus groups were particularly appropriate because the authors were interested in peer interaction as a factor in decision making about sexual activity. Although most of the studies of sexuality have involved adolescents, such research has also been conducted with younger children. In addition to sexuality, a number of other issues have been investigated using focus groups. One such issue is risk taking and injury prevention.

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Green and Hart used focus groups to investigate children's 7 to 11 years understanding of accidents, accident prevention, and advice about avoiding accidents. Such research can provide educators with an excellent basis for developing a range of educational programs. Of the 93 articles relevant to this review, 51 could be broadly classified as exploratory studies.

Most of those studies reviewed were intended to contribute to the development and application of health education programs or services, rather than theory building. Among the commonly mentioned aims were informing health promotion programs e. Some studies intended using the results of their focus group discussion to generate hypotheses e.

Stanton, Black, Kaljee, and Ricardo used the focus groups in their study to guide the application of a theoretical model of adolescent sexual behavior. Other less commonly cited uses of focus group research include informing professional practice and as a teaching method Brown et al. Of course, the information generated by these exploratory studies may be put to a much greater range of uses than was originally intended by the investigators. Focus groups have increasingly been used in an effort to assess the needs of target groups and assist in the development of meaningful and effective health promotion programs.


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Such efforts span areas as diverse as general health promotion programs for adolescents Deering, , educational interventions to enhance interactions between health professionals and families e. Examples of the use of focus groups in program development include, for example, Heimann-Ratain et al. In common with other studies, they used focus groups as a means of obtaining information on the attractiveness and appropriateness of program components.

Stevenson and Lennie's research is another good example of the use of focus groups in program development.

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They used focus groups at two separate stages in the development and implementation of a bicycle helmet program in Australia. The initial round of focus groups was used to develop a questionnaire that could provide baseline data on patterns of usage. A bicycle helmet program was subsequently developed based on preliminary research, and a helmet trial was conducted. After the trial, focus groups were conducted to identify the most popular helmets for each age group.

Thus, focus groups can be usefully employed during different phases in the development of a program. Overall, the findings of these studies suggest that focus groups can make a valuable contribution to the design and pretesting of educational programs and services for young people. Within this context, focus groups can fulfill important functions in terms of needs assessment and ensuring the feasibility of program components.

A small number of studies have used focus groups to evaluate an intervention program e. Elliott, Gruer, Farrow, Henderson, and Cowan used focus groups and questionnaires as part of their evaluation of a theater production on HIV.