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And she knew that Neste could utilize its existing oil refining technology and expertise in the process development. Ensio Tukiainen , the director of research at the time, asked the still-young researcher to share her ideas. Won over by her case, he green-lit the project, and Kiiski and her colleagues started testing how catalysts would work with vegetable oils, namely rapeseed oil, known as canola oil in the US, and tall oil fatty acid.

Kiiski and her colleagues Outi Piirainen and Pekka Aalto filed a patent application in While the significance of the moment was not lost on the team, their celebrations were typically modest. The testing continued after the patent, but there was a break in development, and the project did not advance to production. At the time Neste was also contemplating the possibilities of first-generation bio diesels.

In the meantime, Kiiski started working in the product development team. But as the s dawned, the world changed again: The pressure to reduce carbon emissions became more and more urgent as the data on climate change began to stack up. This restarted the project around the innovation that Kiiski and the team had patented.

The Finnish national target is even more ambitious. These obligations drove changes across the whole energy industry, and in , Kiiski was working again on the NEXBTL, the technology she and her team had helped to create. Now she had an opportunity to study the fuel properties of this remarkable product.

‘Be bold, be brave’ BP women share the words that inspired them

It was time for Neste to take a calculated risk—to move the company in a fresh direction by investing in this new technology to create renewable fuels. This was something that was noisily criticized at the time, by investors, employees and customers alike, but a risk that is now widely recognized as one worth taking. In , the company opened a brand-new unit in Porvoo refinery, where Kiiski was working. It turned out to be a smart move.

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It has made investments worth billions in renewable products, building refineries in Rotterdam and Singapore. Kiiski is anxious to emphasize that an enormous amount of work from an entire team of people across the organization led to the success. None of us achieves anything on our own. Still, Kiiski is not satisfied with just one successful product.

Within the piles of paper in her office are studies and reports that hint at the direction in which her thoughts are taking her. Some are on recycling waste plastics to fuels and chemicals, or on future raw materials such as algae oil and lignocellulose.

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Kiiski firmly believes that humankind will come up with solutions—and that chemistry has a central role to play. Kiiski has also seen the industry take steps in equality. As a young woman, she stood out in a male-dominated industry. Neste had many women on staff in Finland, but not overseas. She admits that there is a great responsibility for the current generation to contain climate change. And yet she sees it as an opportunity, not as a burden. Find out more about how your privacy is protected. Nov Actions and Detail Panel.

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Map and Directions View Map. WeCargo Hackathon View Details. Follow this organizer to stay informed on future events. Events you might like:. Arts Class. Attempts to compel all employees of the Government to learn both languages has been only partially successful. The Flemings are not only rather more numerous than the Walloons, but they are bound by their common loyalty to the Church of their fathers.

The Walloons are of the Liberal faith, politically, and not such zealous churchmen as their Flemish brothers. Since the year , the Flemish Party, also called the Conservative or Catholic Party, has been in power.

Europa Universalis IV: Brave Little Belgium Pt 4

A Flemish Academy and theaters for the presentation of the drama in Flemish were erected, in cities like Antwerp and Ghent, and these still receive part of their support from the State. The popular balladists of the Walloons are the poets, Defrecheux de-frech-eu and Vrindts. Camille Lemonnier le-mon-nee-ay , whose medium is French, has written powerful novels of both Walloon and Flemish life. On the other hand, France cannot but view with rising apprehension the decline of her influence in Belgium, which will sink to a still lower point if the propagators of the revived and intensified Flemish movement attain all their ends.

Grains, grape vines, sugar beets and vegetables, dairy cows and huge Belgian horses are the chief products of the fields. The amount of productive land in the kingdom is about four-fifths of the entire area. No one that has ever looked over the hedge of a Belgian pasture will ever forget the sight of black and white cows as large as prize bulls in other countries, and of awkwardly cavorting colts, taller and much heavier about the joints than ordinary American farm horses.

On the cobbled roads of Belgium one meets these splendid horses, moving ponderously, embraced by the shafts of capacious two-wheeled carts. Equally picturesque are the dogs of burden, hitched single, or in teams of two or three, drawing wagon-loads of milk, bread or fuel. I once counted a jovial group of seven persons seated on meal-bags in a cart drawn by a panting pair of mastiffs. Before low-roofed houses bordering Flemish roads, the pilgrim discovers rows of lace-makers, comprising the feminine occupants of buff-colored cottages.

Often there are children six or seven years of age perched on the straight-backed chairs. The pay of a lace-worker averages a franc a day, or twenty cents for eight to ten hours of skilled labor. The lace made in these peasant homes is contracted for by buyers from Brussels or Bruges, who supply the thread.


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An expert worker, who has perhaps been trained in a convent school and is familiar with the delicate patterns of Princess, Cluny, Mechlin, Valenciennes, and Brussels lace, rarely receives more than fifty cents a day. Before daybreak, the roads of the Belgian countryside resound with the rumble of wheels and the clack of wooden shoes.

All through the sunlit hours until nightfall the stooping figures of men and women are seen in the fields. In Walloon districts the farmers live in settlements that adjoin the tilled acres. Flemish landowners are wont to build their homes apart from each other, with perhaps the chateau of a rich merchant as the pivotal center of the scattered dwellings.

Within the stone or stucco-covered brick cottages of farmer and villager, and in the rear yard bounded by bake-house, wash-house and animal shed, the household duties are performed by the mother of the family, or by a daughter that can be spared from field-work.

An intensively cultivated half-acre plot may yield an income of a hundred and fifty dollars a year, and on this meager sum a family that raises its own produce often manages to exist. If the weekdays of the Belgian peasant are given over to unrelieved toil, on Sunday, Flemish and Walloon communities burst into gaiety, and the sound of the automatic piano is in the land. Women in voluminous skirts and tight basques, men in proper black suits and boots, wend their way after mass to the nearest tavern, and there whirl the hours away until closing time. Behind the bar presides the robust and well-coiffed wife of the proprietor, while her daughters help in the serving of light beverages and bread and butter sandwiches.

The kirmess, which at some time during the summer occupies the principal square of every town in Belgium, is especially dear to the hearts of the natives. Fakirs, magicians, circus performers, freaks, caged animals, merry-go-rounds and their wheezy calliopes are the lure for heavy-footed squires, matrons that resemble the rollicking models of the painters, Jordaens and the younger Teniers, and delighted apple-cheeked children.

On holidays of national importance, pilgrimages to favorite shrines are organized, or the populace surrenders itself to the enjoyment of archery contests, games of ball, pigeon-flying, dog races, smoking competitions, and processions, many of them allegorical in character and of genuine historic interest. Conceive the wire-pulling among ambitious mothers to insure a place as Mary or Joseph for their Mitsche or Jan!

Imagine the exaltation of a wife whose fame rests at other times of the year upon the excellence of her raisin bread, or the spotlessness of her floors, to be chosen to walk in hooded black cloak near the symbol of the Sacrament!

Material as the Belgians are in thought, and often dour, even loutish in conduct, they are devoted to form and the tinseled show, to music and the dance, and to emotional celebrations of every sort. Yet the manners of the Belgian capital are modern, and the life there, while based on Flemish custom, is compared, with reservations, to the life of Paris.

The presence of the Court at the Royal Palace near the center of the city, and at Laeken, the favorite residence of the King and Queen, distant a few miles in the country, has its effect upon the conduct of Brussels society. However, the city is largely given over to middle-class habits and its chief pleasures are centered in the home.

It is the custom for nearly everyone in the city to rise soon after daybreak. Housekeepers, even those highly placed in the Brussels world, go early to market. The men are in their places of business by half-past eight. At noon all Brussels dines, heavily and well; food prices, in peace times, are never excessive. Sometimes a member of the Opera company appears, or an instrumentalist in popular favor.