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CLR James - Writer, socialist theorist, James is famous for seminal writings both on cricket and colonialism, most notably his book The Black Jacobins. He campaigned for African and West Indian independence, and wrote the first novel by a Caribbean author to be published in the UK. She left Antigua to escape her family's lack of ambition for her, and often writes about the country's narrow-minded nature and the effects of British colonialism. Martin Luther King - Civil rights activist, The figurehead of the American Civil Rights Movement, King became a national hero after leading the successful Montgomery bus boycott.

In he received the Nobel Peace Prize in recognition of his work. He was assassinated on 4 April Miriam Makeba - Musician, activist, born Known as " Mama Africa", Makeba became one of the first musicians to bring African music to the rest of the world.


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She was exiled by the South African government in after speaking out against apartheid in an address at the United Nations. Nelson Mandela - Political activist, born A key anti-apartheid figure in South Africa, Mandela spent 27 years in prison for the cause. After his release, he became the country's first fully democratically elected president and leader of the African National Congress.

In he won the Nobel Peace Prize. Bob Marley - Musician, Bob Marley brought reggae to a worldwide audience, and is a hero in Jamaica as well as being seen by many Rastafarians as a prophet. His albums and shows with his band, The Wailers, were legendary. In he was awarded the United Nations' Medal of Peace. Vicente Ferreira Pastinha - Martial arts master, Pastinha is a mestre, or master, of Capoeira, the Afro-Brazilian martial art. Capoeira was brought to Brazil by African slaves and was illegal in the country from to the s.

Pastinha opened the first Capoeira Angola school in the Brazil in Rosa Parks - Activist, Parks's refusal to give up her seat on an Alabama bus in became a symbolic moment in the American civil rights movement. The fallout launched Martin Luther King Jr to fame.

The incident sparked a mass boycott of the transport system by the black community. In the BBC named him the second greatest sportsperson of the millennium. Caryl Phillips - Author, born A novelist and writer for TV, radio, theatre and cinema, Phillips has often focused on the slave trade, and in he was awarded the Commonwealth Writers' Prize. When he became a member of the Working People's Alliance in Guyana, he became a major figure in the resistance against the repressive government and was assassinated by a bomb.

Ignatius Sancho - Writer, composer, Perhaps most notable for being the first black Briton to vote in a UK election, he was also the first African author to have his work published in this country. Sancho wrote poetry, plays, composed music and became friends with the writer Samuel Johnson. Haile Selassie - World leader, Accepted by Rastafarians as a symbol of God incarnate, the former emperor of Ethiopia became a worldwide anti-Fascist figure after appealing to the United Nations for help against Mussolini's invading armies.

An ally of the west and opponent of colonisation. John Sentamu - Religious leader, born The 97th Archbishop of York — and the first black man to serve as an Anglican archbishop — Sentamu has often spoken out on many topical issues and chaired the inquiry into how the police handled the death of Damilola Taylor. In he led the Christmas Rebellion, the last major uprising in Jamaica before slavery was abolished, for which he was executed by British forces.

Bessie Smith - Singer, "The Empress of the Blues" was the first blues singer to achieve success as a recording artist.

Mary Seacole - Nurse, Seacole rose to prominence during the Crimean War when she funded her own journey to Turkey after British authorities refused her offers of help. There she opened a hospital, and became a popular figure in Britain, receiving various awards for bravery. His work often concentrates on oppression and tyranny. He has also played a huge role in Nigerian politics and was imprisoned in during the country's civil war. Winner of two Grammies, he was one of Africa's most famous musicians and always insisted that the blues was an authentically African genre.

Sojourner Truth - Civil rights campaigner, Born into slavery in New York, Truth became a prominent abolitionist. Alongside memorable speeches such as "Ain't I a Woman? She also campaigned for woman's rights and against capital punishment. Harriet Tubman - Abolitionist, A runaway slave, Tubman went on to aid the escape of hundreds of slaves via the Underground Railroad, a network of houses willing to help those on their way to freedom in Canada.

Nicknamed "Moses", she later served in the Civil War. Derek Walcott - Playwright, author, artist, born Awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in , Walcott's poems and plays are largely influenced by growing up in the former British colony of St Lucia. Dividing his time between America and the Caribbean, much of his work addresses cultural differences.

Arthur Wharton - Footballer, Best known as the first professional black footballer in the English League, Wharton also excelled at cycling, cricket and running. In he became the fastest man in Britain. In he was inducted into the English Football Hall of Fame. Phillis Wheatley - Poet, Captured by slave traders in Senegal as a child, Wheatley became the first black female author to have a book of poetry published in America.

History of slavery

Supported by members of the Boston gentry, she became a literary sensation and appeared before George Washington. Oprah Winfrey - Media tycoon, born A living American institution, she is seen by some as the most influential woman in the world. At the centre of her various projects is her TV chat show which is syndicated around the world. In Winfrey became the world's first black woman billionaire.

Malcolm X - Civil rights activist, Malcolm X was a major campaigner for black power and opposed the idea of racial equality.

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A believer in militant protest, he was assassinated not long after leaving the Nation of Islam and creating the Organization of Afro-American Unity. Gaspar Yanga - Rebel slave leader, The leader of a slave revolt in Mexico that led to the creation of a slave colony in the mountains which, with a population of around , existed for more than 30 years. After violent clashes, Yanga obtained a treaty that gave the slaves their freedom. Benjamin Zephaniah - Poet, born Zephaniah decided to become a poet after being sent to prison, aged He is now one of Britain's top contemporary poets and has also written novels.

He publicly rejected an OBE in because the award reminded him of "thousands of years of brutality".

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A long list was compiled from names proposed by committee members, who are all curators at the museum, and who nominated individuals from their own areas of expertise. We believe the people we have chosen are a good indicator. The list now has 76 names, but it will change over time with the help of museum visitors and Independent readers.

Origins of the Woman's Rights Movement: A Narrative Guide to the Sources

We could have someone like [Grand Prix driver] Lewis Hamilton up there soon. We believe the museum and the list will fight racism and challenge stereotypical views. We want it to highlight the resistance of the African people and show that they weren't passive in the slave trade. Do you agree with the list? Who's missing? Email your nominations for Greatest Black Achievers to theindependent independent. You can find our Community Guidelines in full here. Want to discuss real-world problems, be involved in the most engaging discussions and hear from the journalists?

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