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CRUD's a part of everyday life for a lot of devs. If you're one of them, you'll be interested in this first installation of Paul's new series on using Angular. Office
Table of contents
- Rewriting the Code of Life
- Threats to Pipeline Safety
- Issue: 2017 - May/June
- CODE Magazine - May/Jun by CODE Magazine
You can download one or more papers for a previous session. Please note that these papers may not reflect the content of the current syllabus. Teachers registered with Cambridge International can download past papers and early release materials where applicable from our password protected School Support Hub , where a much wider selection of syllabus materials is also available to download.
If you have made estimated entries for June series the pre-release materials for this syllabus will be available from the 'My Messages' section of CIE Direct on 10 December. If you did not make estimated entries, your pre-release material will be available via the Digital File Despatch area of our website on 10 December or, after this, within 14 days of the date you make your entry. But not Yasinsky. The bank had told ISSP that it was facing a ransomware infection, an increasingly common crisis for companies around the world targeted by profit-focused cybercriminals.
One told him that another victim had attempted to pay the ransom. As Yasinsky suspected, the payment had no effect.
Rewriting the Code of Life
This was no ordinary ransomware. In , the malware NotPetya spread from the servers of an unassuming Ukrainian software firm to some of the largest businesses worldwide, paralyzing their operations. His phone, too, began to explode with calls from ISSP clients who were either watching NotPetya tear across their networks or reading news of the attack and frantically seeking advice.
A portion of one major Ukrainian transit hub, where ISSP had installed its equipment as a demonstration, was fully infected in 16 seconds. Ukrenergo, the energy company whose network ISSP had been helping to rebuild after the blackout cyberattack, had also been struck yet again. Derevianko was driving north to meet his family at his village house for the holiday when the NotPetya calls began. Soon he had pulled off the highway and was working from a roadside restaurant.
By the early afternoon, he was warning every executive who called to unplug their networks without hesitation, even if it meant shutting down their entire company. It would hit at least four hospitals in Kiev alone, six power companies, two airports, more than 22 Ukrainian banks, ATMs and card payment systems in retailers and transport, and practically every federal agency. According to ISSP, at least companies were hit, and one senior Ukrainian government official estimated that 10 percent of all computers in the country were wiped.
The attack even shut down the computers used by scientists at the Chernobyl cleanup site, 60 miles north of Kiev. With no cash in his pockets, he eyed his gas gauge, wondering if he had enough fuel to reach his village.
Across the country, Ukrainians were asking themselves similar questions: whether they had enough money for groceries and gas to last through the blitz, whether they would receive their paychecks and pensions, whether their prescriptions would be filled. Doc on a single computer. That gave NotPetya the only foothold it needed. The shipping terminal in Elizabeth, New Jersey—one of the 76 that make up the port-operations division of Maersk known as APM Terminals—sprawls out into Newark Bay on a man-made peninsula covering a full square mile. Tens of thousands of stacked, perfectly modular shipping containers cover its vast asphalt landscape, and foot-high blue cranes loom over the bay.
On a good day, about 3, trucks arrive at the terminal, each assigned to pick up or drop off tens of thousands of pounds of everything from diapers to avocados to tractor parts. The gate clerks had gone silent. Soon, hundreds of wheelers were backed up in a line that stretched for miles outside the terminal. Many of the containers, known as reefers, were electrified and full of perishable goods that required refrigeration. In fact, it was a clusterfuck of clusterfucks.
Gates were down.
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Cranes were frozen. Tens of thousands of trucks would be turned away from comatose terminals across the globe. Then his phone rang. When he answered, he found himself on a conference call with three Maersk staffers. They told him to drop everything and go there.
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Two hours later, Jensen was on a plane to London, then in a car to an eight-story glass-and-brick building in central Maidenhead. Some Maersk staffers, Jensen learned, had been in the recovery center since Tuesday, when NotPetya first struck. Some had been sleeping in the office, under their desks or in corners of conference rooms. Others seemed to be arriving every minute from other parts of the world, luggage in hand. Maersk had booked practically every hotel room within tens of miles, every bed-and-breakfast, every spare room above a pub.
The Maidenhead recovery center was being managed by the consultancy Deloitte. Maersk had essentially given the UK firm a blank check to make its NotPetya problem go away, and at any given time as many as Deloitte staffers were stationed in the Maidenhead office, alongside up to Maersk personnel. Instead, staffers had gone into every available electronics store in Maidenhead and bought up piles of new laptops and prepaid Wi-Fi hot spots.
Jensen, like hundreds of other Maersk IT staffers, was given one of those fresh laptops and told to do his job. After a frantic global search, the admins finally found one lone surviving domain controller in a remote office—in Ghana. At some point before NotPetya struck, a blackout had knocked the Ghanaian machine offline, and the computer remained disconnected from the network.
When the tense engineers in Maidenhead set up a connection to the Ghana office, however, they found its bandwidth was so thin that it would take days to transmit the several-hundred-gigabyte domain controller backup to the UK. Their next idea: put a Ghanaian staffer on the next plane to London. So the Maidenhead operation arranged for a kind of relay race: One staffer from the Ghana office flew to Nigeria to meet another Maersk employee in the airport to hand off the very precious hard drive.
But several days would pass after the initial outage before Maersk started taking orders through Maerskline. In the meantime, Maersk staffers worked with whatever tools were still available to them.
Threats to Pipeline Safety
They taped paper documents to shipping containers at APM ports and took orders via personal Gmail accounts, WhatsApp, and Excel spreadsheets. Back at the Copenhagen headquarters, a cafeteria in the basement of the building was turned into a reinstallation assembly line. A few days after his return from Maidenhead, Henrik Jensen found his laptop in an alphabetized pile of hundreds, its hard drive wiped, a clean image of Windows installed.
Everything that he and every other Maersk employee had stored locally on their machines, from notes to contacts to family photos, was gone. From June 27, when he was first awakened by a 4 am phone call in California, ahead of a planned appearance at a Stanford conference, he said, it took just 10 days for the company to rebuild its entire network of 4, servers and 45, PCs. Multifactor authentication has been rolled out across the company, along with a long-delayed upgrade to Windows That last vulnerability in particular, they warned, could allow malware with access to one part of the network to spread wildly beyond its initial foothold, exactly as NotPetya would the next year.
The security revamp was green-lit and budgeted.
Issue: 2017 - May/June
They never carried the security makeover forward. Few firms have paid more dearly for dragging their feet on security. In his Davos talk, Snabe claimed that the company suffered only a 20 percent reduction in total shipping volume during its NotPetya outage, thanks to its quick efforts and manual workarounds. One Maersk customer described receiving a seven-figure check from the company to cover the cost of sending his cargo via last-minute chartered jet.
On top of the panic and disruption it caused, NotPetya may have wiped away evidence of espionage or even reconnaissance for future sabotage. Regardless, those numbers only start to describe the magnitude of the damage. Jeffrey Bader, president of a Port Newark—based trucking group, the Association of Bi-State Motor Carriers, estimates that the unreimbursed cost for trucking companies and truckers alone is in the tens of millions. And, of course, Maersk was only one victim. French construction giant Saint-Gobain lost around the same amount.
CODE Magazine - May/Jun by CODE Magazine
Untold numbers of victims without public shareholders counted their losses in secret. The militarized police squad finally found what it was looking for: the rack of servers that had played the role of patient zero in the NotPetya plague. They confiscated the offending machines and put them in plastic bags. The Kiev staff of security firm ISSP, including Oleh Derevianko and Oleksii Yasinsky, maintain that the attack was intended not merely for destruction but as a cleanup effort.