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Log In Sign Up. WEAR Recent advances in polymer composites' tribology. Shuren Qu. Friedrich, Z. Lu, A. The effects of internal lubricants, especially polytetrafluoroethylene PTPE , and short fibre reinforcements glass vs. In addition, results of sliding wear experiments with continuous glass, carbon or aramid fibre-polymer matrix composites against steel were used to develop a hypothetical model composite with optimum wear resistance.

Keywords: Composites; Polymers; Fibre reinforcement 1. Introduction oped further, during the past few decades than any other group.

(PDF) WEAR Recent advances in polymer composites' tribology | Shuren Qu - leondumoulin.nl

Tribology is the science that deals with the design, friction, wear, and lubrication of interacting surfaces in relative motion as in bearing or gears. Composite materials, one of 2. Polymeric matrices the most rapidly growing classes of materials, are being used increasingly for such tribological applications. Yet, by now, Besides the traditional polymeric materials used as matri- much of the knowledge on the tribological behaviour of com- ces for friction and wear loaded components e.

POM, PA, posite materials is empirical and very limited predictive capa- PTFE [ 1 l, now newer high performance polymers have bility currently exists. Nevertheless, it has been attempted in found more and more entrance into special tribological appli- recent years to determine to what degree phenomena govern- cations in which high service temperature is a critical issue ing the tribological performance of composites can be gen- e.

Very special candi- eralized and to consolidate interdisciplinary information for dates in this respect are also the polyaryletherketones which polymer, metal, and ceramic matrix composites [ The allow tailoring of their glass transition and melting range by importance of promoting better knowledge in the mundane variation of either and ketone groups in the polymer chain areas of friction, lubrication, and wear, in general, has been Fig.

Further effects on the wear resistance of the neat zyxwvutsrq Refs. Along with a comprehensive Encyclopedia of Composite Materials [9] and a variety of other tribology handbooks cited in a previous volume on Friction and Wear of Polymer Composites [ lo], these references should build ,G In particular, the discussion will be confined to dry sliding of polymer-based materials against smooth steel Fig.


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Friedrich et al. Steel 1 I,z Symb. Reduction of depth wear rate of PEEK at room temperature due to 0. Comparison of specific wear rates and coefficients of friction of various high temperature polymers, tested at room temperature, a pressure A 0. For the same degree of PTFE [vol. Influence of PTFE filler content on specific wear rate and coefficient sponds to an increase in melt viscosity yields a reduction of of friction of PEEK [ Additions of solid lubricants, in particular Fig.

Advances in composite tribology

A [ From recent studies carried out with different types of few examples how PTFE affects the friction and wear behav- carbon fibres PAN based vs. It illustrates that the ultimate steady be the better the less sensitive the fibres react against fibre- state rate of wear is only partly related to its bulk structure fibre friction and early breakage. In addition, a strong bonding but depends also on the surface conditions generated by the to the matrix helps to maintain broken fibres pieces in the sliding process itself.

In addition, Fig. Comparison of the effect of glass relative to carbon fibre reinforce- ments on the specific wear rate of three different thermoplastic matrices PTFE - Particles Hiiger, M. Davies -7 10 " I".

Advances in Ceramic Matrix Composites

B""'a 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 v, [vol. Specific wear rate of PEN composites, reinforced with two different types of carbon fibres. The error bars illustrate the experimental data, the PTFE - Film fully drawn lines the theoretical predictions according to [27]. Specific wear rate as a function of short glass fibre content in various 4.

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A very potential composites were tested with respect to their wear behaviour candidate in this respect is polybenzimidazole PBI , as a function of matrix material, type of fibre reinforcement, although it is hardly to process and performs quite brittle. Both problems reduce its applicability for parts with complex Various different matrices, e.

For most of the fibre orientations carbon fibres give better results than glass fibres, and aramid fibres are somewhere in between. The wear resistances of these materials inverse of the wear rates can be utilized to systematically design a composite material with a generally good wear performance. An opti- mum wear resistance can be expected from a composite con- sisting of a PEEK matrix and carbon fibres parallel to the sliding direction. If multidirectional sliding would be the case in the practical application additional carbon fibres in the P P antiparallel orientation would probably be helpful.

In fact, a Fig. Further explanations are discussed in the paper by Mody et al. The matrix should be a very tough, high wear n 1 resistant polymer such as PEEK. Although such a 3D hybrid "0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 structure could not be verified in the studies by Cirino et al. Specific wear rates up to high pressure times velocity conditions of various high temperature polymers, especially modified for tribological in the direction predicted.

Krey et al. The higher the rings resulted in synergistic effects for the wear rates of hybrid ratio number, the better is the wear resistance, relative to the standard EP composites with aramid fibres under normal orientation and carbon fibres under parallel orientation Fig. PEEK N AP The results are showing quite systematically the same trends as outlined before: 1. In the matrix with the lower wear rate, the beneficial effect Fig.


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Synergistic effects for the wear resistance of 2D hybrid composites of the fibre reinforcement on the composites wear resis- with aramid fibres under normal orientation and carbon fibres under parallel tance is not as pronounced as in the easily wearing matrix. I, majority of fibres normal to the plane of sliding. Concluding remarks [ D. Landheer and C. McLean, Tribological properties of Acetal, Nylon, and This overview of the various possibilities for polymers and thermoplastic polyester, Proc. Byett and C. Allen, Dry sliding wear behaviour of polyamide 66 necessarily been somewhat selective.

Nevertheless, it is and polycarbonate composites, Tribal. Bohm, S. Betz and A. Ball, The wear resistance of polymers, Tribol. Beringer, G. Heinke and E. Tests on three beams with different length-to-thickness ratios included a three-point short beam shear test SBS , assuming a relatively short beam is in relation to its thickness, which maximized the induced shear stresses.

Additionally, two variants of boundary conditions were discussed with layers oriented parallel and perpendicular to the loading plane. Geometrically nonlinear analysis aimed to verify the load-midspan deflection curves for various fibre-reinforced composite beams was performed.

The presented initial results concern comparative numerical analysis performed by the finite element method FEM , which is found to be crucial before further experimental research. Presently, composites containing graphene have been manufactured by many conventional processes. Since 3D printing additive manufacturing offers a wide range of advantages for manufacturing, researchers from the composite industry are now adopting novel techniques to manufacture graphene based composites via additive manufacturing.

When selecting materials for composites, polymers stand out as the top choice for manufacturers because polymers require a low temperature to mold their shape and they are easy to handle when compared to ceramics and metals. Hence, substantial focus of the composite industry is now shifting towards manufacturing graphene based polymer matrix composites.

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The promising physical properties of graphene based polymer matrix composites and the future prospects of functionalizing graphene in polymer based composites is also highlighted. Commercial powders were used to produce the composite samples. The composites were obtained by the slip casting method. Three series of composites with a different volumetric composition of metals in the total content of the metallic phase were obtained: Series I - contained 7. All the series contained 15 vol. Rheological analysis showed that the slurries used to make the composites were shear thinning fluids.

The X-ray analysis showed that regardless of the volume content of copper in the suspensions used to form the composite, all the composites after sintering were characterized by the presence of three phases: Al2O3, Cu and Mo. It was found that the microstructure in all the series is characterized by homogeneous distribution of the metal particles.

Introduction

All the samples were characterized by high porosity, which resulted in their low relative density. The volume fractions of molybdenum and copper in the composite slightly do affect the hardness and fracture toughness of the composite. The obtained hardness results indicate that increasing the molybdenum content in the composites causes an insignificant increase in the hardness of the samples. For this purpose numerical analysis of the uniaxial tensile test for the wood-polymer composite sample was performed.

Variable geometry of the fiber model was used. The fiber orientation data were obtained using Autodesk Moldflow Insight software. Micromechanical calculations based on homogenization methods were performed using Digimat FE commercial code. The results of the numerical simulations were compared with the experiment ones. As the filler 10 vol. Adhesion promoter P by Dupont was used as well.