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The deadlines for these Calls for Papers have now passed, but we always welcome your research in any of these areas. Collection publishing: January Collection publishing: February Collection publishing: March PLOS Medicine. Collection publishing: To Be Announced Collection publishing: April The importance of proteostasis is becoming increasingly apparent as disrupted proteostasis and dysregulation of the proteostasis network and autophagy is associated with aging and many age-associated diseases.

The papers in this Collection provide insight into the molecular and cellular machinery and mechanisms that regulate autophagy and other proteostasis pathways. PLOS ONE is calling for submissions spanning the intersection of ecological, climatological, and sociological patterns and processes within urban systems.

Urbanisation is a key aspect of anthropogenic global change in the 21st century, and understanding its impacts is a critical challenge for contemporary science. Urban ecosystems occur at the nexus between urbanisation, microclimate, natural resources, organisms and human societies, and PLOS ONE recognises the significance of research that makes connections across these dynamic and complex systems. From the effects of urbanisation on the ecology of urban biota to the social benefits of urban biodiversity, and from the influence of the built environment on global climate change to innovation in microclimatic monitoring, this call for papers aims to bring together diverse perspectives on the physical, biological and social functioning of urban ecosystems.

While the rate of death from cancer has been declining since the s, an estimated 9. There is clearly still an unmet need to improve cancer detection and bring new treatment options to patients. Substance use and misuse affect people worldwide, of all ages and from all walks of life, resulting in a substantial burden of ill health and mortality, and presenting big challenges in prevention and treatment. These differences appropriately exist because countries themselves differ in terms of their demography, geography and economy.

For example, a country with a smaller population may use a lower threshold for urban designation than one with a larger population, because its cities are naturally smaller even if they serve the same functions. Official rural and urban classifications are used for resource allocation and planning for nutrition and health 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , which makes them the appropriate unit for tracking outcomes.

Nonetheless, understanding the causes of change in rural and urban areas can be enriched with use of more complex and multi-dimensional measures of urbanicity involving size, density, economic and commercial activities and infrastructures 59 , Finally, urbanization could arise from a variety of mechanisms: 1 natural increase due to excess births over deaths in cities compared to rural areas, 2 rural to urban migration often related to opportunities for work and education and 3 reclassification of previously rural areas as they grow and industrialize and hence become, and are re designated as, de novo cities.

The contributions of these mechanisms to urbanization vary across countries. The use of time-varying rural versus urban classification of communities ensures that in any year, the rural and urban strata represent the actual status of each community.


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However, each of these mechanisms may have different implications for changes in nutrition and physical activity and, therefore, BMI. World Urbanization Prospects: the Revision. Lancet , — Report No.

Introduction

Yusuf, S. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases: part I: general considerations, the epidemiologic transition, risk factors, and impact of urbanization. Circulation , — Wagner, K. A global view on the development of non communicable diseases. Popkin, B. Global nutrition dynamics: the world is shifting rapidly toward a diet linked with noncommunicable diseases. Abubakari, A. Prevalence and time trends in obesity among adult West African populations: a meta-analysis.

Filozof, C. Obesity prevalence and trends in Latin-American countries. Jaacks, L.

Marketing obesity? Junk food, advertising and kids – Parliament of Australia

Recent underweight and overweight trends by rural—urban residence among women in low- and middle-income countries. Mamun, A. Shifting of undernutrition to overnutrition and its determinants among women of reproductive ages in the 36 low to medium income countries. Neuman, M. Urban—rural differences in BMI in low- and middle-income countries: the role of socioeconomic status. Global nutrition transition and the pandemic of obesity in developing countries. Assah, F.

Urbanization, physical activity, and metabolic health in sub-Saharan Africa. Diabetes Care 34 , — Levine, J. The work burden of women. Science , Subramanian, S. The demand for food and calories.

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Ng, S. Time use and physical activity: a shift away from movement across the globe. Nutrition, agriculture and the global food system in low and middle income countries. Food Policy 47 , 91—96 Reardon, T. Supermarket revolution in Asia and emerging development strategies to include small farmers.

Natl Acad. USA , — Mahajan, V. How Unilever reaches rural consumers in emerging markets. Jacobs, A. How big business got Brazil hooked on junk food. The New York Times. The rise of supermarkets in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Why have physical activity levels declined among Chinese adults? Findings from the — China Health and Nutrition Surveys.

Monda, K. Longitudinal relationships between occupational and domestic physical activity patterns and body weight in China.


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    Street Food in Urban Ghana. Chilanga, E. Tschirley, D. The rise of a middle class in east and southern Africa: implications for food system transformation. Holdsworth, M. Perceptions of healthy and desirable body size in urban Senegalese women. Ettarh, R. Overweight, obesity, and perception of body image among slum residents in Nairobi, Kenya, — Chronic Dis.

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    Liese, A. Food store types, availability, and cost of foods in a rural environment. Lenardson, J. Rural and remote food environments and obesity.

    Ihara, M. Nippon Koshu Eisei Zasshi 63 , — Scheiner, J.