Manual Between Earth and Sea: A Selkie Tale

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Table of contents

The initial subtle allusions to mythical objects gain increasing reality-status. Song of the Sea is peculiar in its construction of parallel mythical and profane worlds, and a storyline intertextually tied to the network of Celtic legends. A narrative that has been adjusted to a new context creates an additional network of signifiers that can be later associated with the original work they gradually overwrite in a palimpsestic manner, challenging the validity of the notion of the originality of myths and fairy tales — even if we can often find our way back to the first written materializations of stories.

Fully mapping out this intertextual network would be a gigantic enterprise, but in the case of selkie stories, there are a number of records from the previously-mentioned sources that we can work with. However, it is a matter of national belonging and shared cultural background knowledge whether the audience will be able to activate the source-text meanings the director had in mind on making his movie. Disney adaptations are notorious for their willingness to meet consumer demands for happy endings and a censorship of uncomfortable taboo topics.

His adaptation of the selkie myth is far from an idealization of a safe fantasy status quo.


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It thematizes harsh social realities and traumatic experiences, depicting the turmoil of a broken, dysfunctional family, a depressed father, a mysteriously disappeared selkie wife mother, a disabled mute younger sibling, and a rational grandmother figure lacking compassion. Moore presented the pains of abandonment and separation realistically, faithful to the original selkiewife tale versions. The humanimal mother, though she comes back for a brief moment at the end of the film, must leave her family behind and never come back.

However, their different attitudes to the original work may inform us about the changing ways we relate to human-animal relations today. Paul Wells, in his study on the representations of animals in animations, agrees with Bruno Bettelheim, famed for his psychoanalytical reading of fairy tales:. Human-animal hybrids hence might be interpreted as reflections of animalistic, instinctive aspects of human nature. Jungian psychology thinks of animals as archetypal representations of states of mind permeated by atavistic memories.

Waters Of The Earth – Multicultural Tales Of The Sea — Popejoy Schooltime Series

Selkies are beings who remind us of this ancient connectedness and strange kinship: as skin-changing creatures, they possess human and animal characteristics alike. They are both mammals and amphibians, both land-creatures and sea-folk. Hence, paradoxically, the protection of the animal hide guarantees the preservation of humanity. Their unbreakable bond with the infinite sea connects them to the unknown depths of the unconscious.

They represent the inexplicability of emotions: they are devoted mothers but willing to heartlessly leave behind their offspring once nature calls them back to the sea. In Song of the Sea, once they touch their seal skin, both Bronach, the seal mother, and Saoirse, the half-seal child, become magnetically drawn to the sea, overwhelmed by animal drives replacing human rational or affective considerations.

The Song Of The Selkies - Orcadian Folklore Full Movie

In his view, animal bride fairy tales reinforce the taboo on humans having unnatural relationships with animals; and both enforce and challenge the binary opposition between nature and society that separates humans from the creatures of instinct 1. The fact that at the end of each story the selkie escapes back to the sea is the inevitable tragedy that the human has to suffer after breaking the taboo imposed on interspecies intimacy. The husband is an overreacher character, a rightful victim of the elusive seal woman, and falls into his own trap when he tries to bind her to the human world by stealing her skin.

Selkie wives can oscillate between humanoid and seal form, as borderline creatures balancing in the liminal realm between the human and the animal worlds, yet their hybrid children cannot, especially if they are male offspring. Both in The Secret of Roan Inish and Song of the Sea , the child of the selkie mother must make a conscious decision and choose between belonging to either of the species in order to be able to return to the human world.

His separation from the seals is preceded by a painful period of hesitation and followed by a terminal entry into human language, as the matrilineal tradition of bestiality is broken. The seal skin represents the dividing line between the human and animal realms. The selkie can only become a part of the human symbolic order and take up the socially sanctioned position of a spouse provided her skin remains hidden.

The seal skin symbolizes her animalistic abject aspects, the suppressed instincts, aggression, and sexual drives which cannot come to the surface while she is in a human form. In the eyes of the human husband, it is an ominous harbinger of the finiteness of family romance. For the selkie wife, on the contrary, the skin is a promise of freedom, a token of a life beyond social confines, a key to a path that can take her back to her original, natural, non-humanoid state.

The seal skin is of a fundamentally dualistic nature: it can mean both death and life depending on who possesses it. The gendered power positionalities are unstable: the selkie wife can be skinned to a bare human form, but once she recuperates her skin she can regain her liberty. Hence, hu man power eventually fails in its attempts to dominate the humanimal otherness, which always escapes back to the sea that represents the familiar unknown.


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  8. In Ondine the fisherman forcefully takes away the ambiguous object representing the seal skin from the title character for fear she would abandon them as his wife did: his superstitious gesture is a sign of his dread of her disappearing, fading back into the unknown. Similarly, in The Seventh Stream the selkie woman Mairead suffers both physical and mental abuse from her first captor, but the second man she meets, Owen, rescues her from her victimiser, and in the end lets her put her skin back on and go back to the sea.

    In Song of the Sea , the selkie wife, present in the beginning of the film, is shown wearing her white seal skin, implying that she might be staying with her human husband of her own free will. She puts the hide on, goes down to the seashore, and as she enters the water seals come to greet her with squeaks imitated by the girl, seeking interspecies communication. When her skin is taken by her father and thrown into the sea, the abusive domination is transferred onto the father-daughter relationship. Saoirse becomes obsessed with her lost seal skin, and falls ill with longing, given that substitute objects fail she ruins a leather coat when she stands in it under the shower, thinking that it would work the same way as the seal skin does.

    But how is skin related to language? According to Steven Connor the self-identity of the speaking subject is grounded in its skinned being. Unlike other animals, we have a relation to our bodies, a relation that we invent, and a relation that is our bodies. Our bodies are the kind that are always in question, or transition, are always work in progress.

    A languaged body can be regimented, cabined, confined, abjected, insulted by language. Connor Before the child sees itself in the mirror, he thinks of himself in terms of a continuum, non-separable from the mother or of its animate or inanimate surroundings. The selkie has both human and animal skin — mutually incompatible yet integral constituents of her identity. Even when shed, the skin remains an essential part of her. The seal skin is the primary signifier of the instinctual and bestial, as well as the magical and elusive character of the selkie — a representative of the animal nature she must leave behind to inhabit her human skin.

    When she wears the selkie skin, she is on the liminal borderline of the human world. At the end of the animated film, Saoirse must choose between leaving her seal skin behind and becoming human, or going back to the sea in animal form with her selkie mother and refusing to become a subject. Similarly, in The Secret of Roan Inish the half-selkie boy must leave his seal caretakers behind and start using human language in order to embrace his half-blood humanity.

    Tellingly, on contacting the seal skin Saoirse utters onomatopoeic words that imitate seal cries, and later starts to sing. Finally the selkie girl speaks an affirmative sentence to her selkie mother. However, after the seal skin is destroyed, Saoirse utters these words dressed in a selkie coat, unable or unwilling to leave her animality behind.

    The ballad which I hope later on to give is an instance of such connection. And however ungainly the appearance of these gentlemen when in the sea, on assuming human shape they became in form fair, attractive, and in manner winning; and by their seductive powers the female heart seems to have been easily conquered. And if the selkie gentlemen were attractive in the eyes of earth-born women, the selkie females were no less charming in the estimation of men.

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    Indeed, to see a bevy of these lovely creatures, their seal skins doffed, disporting themselves on a sea-side rock, was enough to fire with admiration the coldest heart. Let it be noted that the selkie nymphs always appear in groups; they never sit alone combing their hair like the mermaid; and, unlike her, are not represented as wearing long golden hair.

    It was only at certain periods and conditions of the tide in which the seals had power to assume the human shape. But these periods were a subject of dispute among my oral authorities. Versions of the story I am now to tell were at one time rife in every Orkney island; and some of them have already appeared in print. The man who told me this tale was a native of North Ronaldshay, was well read in English literature, and so familiar with Shakespeare that any six lines of that author you quoted he would tell you from what play your quotation was taken.

    Though above superstitious belief in, he possessed an inexhaustible store of old-world tales. He often assisted me in clearing up some difficulty in Orkney folk-lore. The goodman of Wastness was well-to-do, had his farm well-stocked, and was a good-looking and well-favoured man. And though many braw lasses in the island had set their caps at him, he was not to be caught.

    So the young lasses began to treat him with contempt, regarding him as an old young man who was deliberately committing the unpardonable sin of celibacy. Well, it happened one day that the goodman of Wastness was down on the ebb that portion of the shore left dry at low water , when he saw at a little distance a number of selkie folk on a flat rock. Some were lying sunning themselves, while others jumped and played about in great glee. They were all naked, and had skins as white as his own. The rock on which they sported had deep water on its seaward side, and on its shore side a shallow pool.

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    The goodman of Wastness crept unseen till he got to the edge of the shallow pool; he then rose and dashed through the pool to the rock on its other side. The alarmed selkie folk seized their seal skins, and, in mad haste, jumped into the sea. Quick as they were, the goodman was also quick, and he seized one of the skins belonging to an unfortunate damsel, who in terror of flight neglected to clutch it as she sprang into the water.

    The selkie folk swam out a little distance, then turning, set up their heads and gazed at the goodman. He noticed that one of them had not the appearance of seals like the rest. He then took the captured skin under his arm, and made for home, but before he got out of the ebb, he heard a most doleful sound of weeping and lamentation behind him. He turned to see a fair woman following him. It was that one of the selkie folk whose seal skin he had taken. She was a pitiful sight; sobbing in bitter grief, holding out both hands in eager supplication, while the big tears followed each other down her fair face.

    We ask ourselves questions such as: When in our life did we lose our Selkie skin? Did we willingly give it up? Or who did we entrust our Selkie skin to? In writing my own Selkie story, I realised how I tucked away my Selkie skin, neatly folding it and placing it in a drawer of dreams that didn't feel real.

    Study notes: Investigating Sealskins, Selkies and Sea goddess folklore

    Somehow instead of following my dreams, I got lured into something altogether different. I had a good life, a career, a family but inside I died a little every day as I drifted further and further from who I wanted to be in the world. Instead becoming someone other people wanted me to be. With each passing year the things I promised myself that I would give time to shrank and withered.

    Not Your Typical Mermaid

    I believed so strongly in the mantra 'the harder you work, the luckier you get' and I was good at working really hard. I was really good at using my work as an excuse for missing family occasions, for not getting involved in community, and for my lack of self care. I eventually convinced myself that I had no choice but to continue on the same path, even though it was making me ill.