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Conversely, the latter hypotheses, coming as they do out of a more speculative milieu, also fail to connect the dots in the way that history itself suggests. Here we will rely upon alternative presentations, rather than academic ones, of the suspicious origins of the Templar Order and the dubious cover story used to rationalize its existence, namely, that it was founded to protect pilgrims to and in the Holy Land. In , the two knoghts along with seven companions presented themselves to the younger brother of Godfroi de Bouillon who had accepted the title of King Baudouin I of Jerusalem.

Omer, son of Hughes de St. The excavation activity suggests something else, and that is that long before the Order was officially founded with its cover story, the nine knights were in pursuit of a hidden agenda, and this invokes suggestions of a conspiracy at work long before their arrival in Palestine. Indeed, Wallace- Murphy and Hopkins mince no words: the close family connections of the original nine knights, including family connections to the celebrated Cistercian intellectual and Templar propagandist Bernard of Clairvaux, suggests that the events prove a conspiracy, organized in Europe, prior to their departure for Palestine.

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In company with Edouard, they had joined the Cistercian order at the same time as Bernard. A document in the archives at Seborga claims that, in February , Bernard came to the abbey with seven companions, released Gondemar and Rossal from their vows, and gave a solemn blessing to the whole group, which departed for Jerusalem in Such anachronistic pre-founding references, plus the unusual excavation activity of the nine knights after their official founding, dramatically raise the possibility that, indeed, there was conspiracy at work in their founding, and that the excavations formed the true but hermetically hidden purpose of the Order.

Indeed, at the minimum, one must wonder about the tight connection between the Templars and Bernard of Clairvaux and the Cistercian Order. The connection at the beginning of the Templar Order is indeed so tight and intertwined that Wallace-Murphy and Hopkins wonder if, perhaps, one is looking at two arms of the same body? It is here that the speculations begin, and it is important to recount them, for the connections and activities of post-Templar Europe will either serve to corroborate, deny, or modify some of these speculations. In the Rex Deus version, rather, the bloodline descent is from an original twenty-four priestly families that served in the Temple in Jerusalem, some of which could constitute direct descendants of Christ.

With this in mind, Wallace-Murphy and Hopkins address the purpose of the Templar excavations on the Temple Mount as follows. Pointing out that there was Templar influence behind the construction of the famous Gothic cathedral of Chartres, they then state: By the north door on the exterior of Chartres Cathedral, there is a carving on a pillar which gives us an indication of their objective. It shows the Ark of the Covenant being transported on a wheeled vehicle. Legend recounts that the Ark of the Covenant had been secreted deep beneath the Temple in Jerusalem centuries before the fall of the city to the Romans.

It had been hidden there to protect it from yet another invading army who had laid the city to waste. Hughes de Payen had been chosen by his fellow members of the Rex Deus group to lead the expedition mounted to locate the Ark and bring it back to Europe. Persistent legends in the esoteric community indicate that it was then hidden for a considerable time deep beneath the crypt of Chartres Cathedral. The same legends also claim that the Templars found many other sacred artefacts from the old Jewish Temple in the course of their investigations as well as a considerable quantity of documentation.

One modern archaeological discovery suggests confirmation of this. The so- called Copper Scroll, one of the Dead Sea Scrolls discovered at Qumran, tends to confirm not only the objective of the Templar excavations but also, albeit indirectly, the transmission of knowledge through the generations among the members of the Rex Deus families. The Copper Scroll, which was unrolled and deciphered at Manchester University under the guidance of John Allegro, was a list of all the burial sites used to hide the various items, both sacred and profane, described as the treasure of the Temple of Jerusalem.

Many of these sites have been re- excavated since its discovery and several of them have disclosed not Temple treasure but evidence of Templar excavations made in the 12th century. The only rational scenario that can possibly explain how the Templars know exactly where to dig is the concept that secret knowledge had been passed down the Why this may be a hypothesis worth entertaining will become clearer as this book proceeds, but perhaps the first place to look is the unusual nature of the charges leveled against the Templar by the French and other Inquisitions after their arrest, torture, trial, and in many cases, executions.

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We may question whether those possible hidden players were within the papal bureaucracy, or whether they lay elsewhere, for on the one hand, the papacy had clearly made its determination to extirpate heresy in Europe very clear by its sponsorship of the genocide of the Albigensian crusade, a crusade which, as we have indicated, the Templars deliberately avoided.

This act, while not commented upon at any length in contemporaneous sources, obviously would not have gone unnoticed to the papal court, which remained suspiciously and more or less silent about the non-participation of one of its most important military arms. In it, he records that: According to some writers, Squin de Florian, a citizen of Bezieres, who had been condemned to death or perpetual imprisonment in one of the royal castles for his iniquities, was brought before Philip, and received a free pardon, and was well rewarded in return, for an accusation on oath, charging the Templars with heresy, and with the commission of the most horrible crimes.

According to others, Nosso de Florentin, an apostate Templar, who had been condemned by the Grand Preceptor and chapter of France to perpetual imprisonment for impiety and crime, made in his dungeon a voluntary confession of the sins and abominations charged against the order. Note that Nosso is from Florence. What exactly were the Templars charged with? The list of charges is bizarre, to say the least. A knight would thus need a retinue of military aides, squires, and so on, to maintain weapons and horses.

Sanello also notes that the Templar seal of two knights on one horse was used as evidence to substantiate the charge of homosexuality pp. Saladin had, of course, conveniently died and could not be consulted to corroborate the statements attributed to him by de Nogaret. See also pp. Sanello notes that the charges of child sacrifice were first compiled by the Byzantine author Psellus and levelled against the Bogomils of Eastern Europe.

The doctrines of the Bogomils are remarkably similar to those of the Cathars in Western Europe and indeed the Bogomils apparently were the origin of the Cathar hierarchy according to Graham Hancock and Robert Bauval in their book The Master Game. Therefore, additionally, they were accused of denying that Christ came to redeem.

At best, the accusation meant that they held that He came only to reveal. It is the presence of this assertion of the denial of the sacrificial logic that may indicate that some of the extravagant charges against the Templars were true, for after all, they were also involved in banking, and these charges were similar to those brought against the Cathars, against whom they did not lift a finger. But these considerations must wait for a fuller exposition, for the problem with this grotesque and bizarre catalogue of charges was how it was obtained.

Besides being branded and pulled and stretched on racks by the Inquisition in France and England, the Templars, particularly in France, had their teeth pulled and feet roasted. See also Nesta H. Farrell, with Scott D. The episode is recounted in gruesome detail by Addison: Many of them lost the use of their feet from the application of the torture of fire, which was inflicted in the following manner: their legs were fastened in an iron frame, and the soles of their feet were greased over with fat or butter; they were then placed before the fire, and a screen was drawn backwards and forwards, so as to moderate and regulate the heat.


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Such was the agony produced by this roasting operation, that the victims often went raving mad. The councils of Tarragona and Aragon, after applying the torture, pronounced the order free from heresy. In Portugal and in Germany the Templars were declared innocent, and in no place situate beyond the sphere of the influence of the king of France and his creature the pope was a single Templar condemned to death.

Accusations of defacing holy objects, idolatry, sexual deviation, and wild orgies have been staples of condemnations of outsiders long before the Christian era…. In any case, it turns out that at least one person was spreading salacious stories about the Templars in the months before the arrests. A man from Gasoncy, Esquin de Floyran, had been trying to get the kings of Europe to pay attention to him for some time.

He had first gone to King James II of Aragon with the information, but James had told him that his stories were nonsense. Undaunted, Floyran took his information to Philip the Fair, who was much more receptive and sent spies into the Templar commanderies to find out if the charges were true. The spies reported back that they were. Indeed, even today, on any reading, they seem nothing more than a ridiculous compilation of every kind. Here, the normally coldly calculating King Philippe and his eminence grise, de Nogaret, grossly miscalculated by inventing such a list, for the result—the virtual collapse of their goal for a European-wide extirpation of the order—was not accomplished.


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This raises the unpleasant prospect that must be considered for the sake of completeness: that there was some kernel of truth to some or all of the charges, and one researcher, the notorious Nesta H. Nonetheless, the circumstances of the final denouement of the Order are now well known. See Nesta H.

The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Later Renaissance, by David Hannay.

The last Grand Master of the Templars was no more. But the questions of the absurd and extravagant charges remained, at least for Webster: Now, however much we must execrate the barbarity of this sentence—as also the cruelties that had preceded it—this is no reason why we should admit the claim of the Order to noble martyrdom put forward by the historians who have espoused their cause. The character of the Templars is not rehabilitated by condemning the conduct of the King and Pope. Yet this is the line of argument usually adopted by the defenders of the Order.

In the first place, as we have seen, all confessions were not made under torture…. Guy Fawkes also confessed under torture, yet it is never suggested that the whole story of the Gunpowder Plot was a myth…. Few will deny that the Knights were bound by oaths of secrecy, so that on the one hand they were threatened with the vengeance of the Order if they betrayed its secrets, and on the other faced with torture if they refused to confess.

Thus they found themselves between the devil and the deep sea. It was therefore not a case of a mild and unoffending Order meeting with brutal treatment at the hands of authority, but of the victims of a terrible autocracy being delivered into the hands of another autocracy.

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Moreover, do the confessions of the Knights appear to be the outcome of pure imagination such as men under the influence of torture might devise? It is certainly difficult to believe that the accounts of the ceremony of initiation given in detail by men in different countries, all closely resembling each other, yet related in different phraseology, could be pure inventions. Had the victims been driven to invent they would surely have contradicted each other, have cried out in their agony that all kinds of wild and fantastic rites had taken place in order to satisfy the demands of their interlocutors.

But Webster is even more unsparing in her analysis. But setting all morality aside, as a mere question of policy, is it likely that the Kind would have deprived himself of his most valuable financial supporters i. Would he, in other words, have killed the goose that laid the golden eggs without any guarantee that the body of the goose would remain in his possession?

The Ugly Truth of Venice - Lecture 01

Some other motivation and agenda is at work. Might we not expect indignant remonstrances from Philippe at thus being baulked of the booty he had toiled so long to gain? But, on the contrary, we find him completely in agreement with the Pope on this subject… Thus the whole theory concerning the object for which the Templars were suppressed falls to the ground—a theory which on examination is seen to be built up on the plan of imputing motives without any justification in facts.

Simply, the Order itself: it possessed hidden knowledge, was exempt from taxes, and was immensely powerful.