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Saint Lucia is a sovereign island country in the West Indies in the eastern Caribbean Sea on Representative government came about in (universal suffrage was St. Helena is also named after a historical woman, the mother of Emperor Some people of Carib descent also comprised a minority on the island.
Table of contents

The Rastafarian movement, started in Jamaica in the s, is closely associated with reggae. In the southern and eastern Caribbean calypso and soca have helped to popularize West Indian carnival. Caribbean people carried their carnival celebration with them when they migrated.

Caribbean leaders recognize that the Caribbean community is more than the people who live on the islands. It is for this reason that major decisions taking place in the region usually include the voice of the Caribbean Diaspora. Emigration has been a response to economic problems since the nineteenth century, and the twentieth century has seen the exodus of Caribbean people to Europe especially England , the United States, and Canada.

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Haitians, who first migrated to France and francophone Africa, have increasingly chosen the United States and Canada, too. Late-twentieth-century Caribbean migration to the United States resulted from changing migration laws in this society. Before the United States had openly discriminated against some nationalities.


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The Immigration Act of ushered in a less discriminatory approach, moving away from the preference given to northwestern Europeans. The newly independent countries of the Caribbean sent thousands of their nationals to earn a living and create lives in America. Caribbean people have made major contributions in all fields of American society. This post migration to the United States was predominantly female, compared to the male-dominated emigrations of the Caribbean past. Women used the nursing profession, for example, to become heads of hospitals, nursing homes, and other health care institutions.

Yvonne Graham, a former nurse and founder of the Caribbean Women's Health Association in Brooklyn, was elected deputy borough president of Brooklyn in Similarly, Caribbean immigrants and their descendants play important roles in the labor unions, educational system, and other aspects of life in the United States. The people at home continue to rely on their relatives abroad for remittances to provide education, shelter, and daily maintenance, especially where the domestic economy has denied its citizens any means of making a living.

Indeed, remittances are largely responsible for the sustenance of many Caribbean societies. Yet emigration has its disadvantages for the sending society. In the United Nations conducted a study on the "brain drain" from developing nations. The study cited the Caribbean as a region that was losing too many of the best and brightest to emigration.

Compared to much of the planet, Caribbean people live in relative harmony with the outside world. They are not engaged in warfare except for those migrants who have joined foreign military organizations. Also, in most Caribbean countries, because of a common culture and heritage, ethnic divisions are not significant. The exceptions are Trinidad and Tobago and Guyana, where ethnicity has played a major role.

During the colonial days and since independence, ethnic divisions between people of Indian descent and those of African descent have helped to shape the political discourse.

Traditional knowledge, the Kwéyòl language and public policy in a small nation state

This is an area of a potential hazard in the Caribbean. It will take political maturity from the leaders and increased education for the populace to address these important issues. While problems exist where there are distinct ethnic groups, the entire Caribbean is marked by class divisions. Some of these economic differences among the population can be traced to colonialism, but some are of more recent development.

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The resentment brought on by poverty and lack of opportunities has led to high crime rates and a sense of despair among many in the Caribbean middle and working classes. Leaders have had to decide how many of their limited resources they can devote to crime fighting at the expense of education and health, for example. Yet their fragile economies could be destroyed if crime and the perception of crime loom large in the psyches of nationals and tourists. Caribbean societies face dangers from globalization. The Caribbean lies between South and North America, where illicit drugs, especially cocaine, are produced and consumed.

The cash-strapped governments of the Caribbean cannot compete with the finances available to major drug dealers, but they are forced to take from their limited resources to rid their waters and lands of the corruption, violence, and wasted lives resulting from drug dealing and consumption. The Caribbean countries continue to struggle to maintain a firm foothold in today's world. Their economic position places them somewhere in the middle of the world economies.

European Colonialism in the Caribbean

Their relatively high level of education and the fact that the women and girls have equal access to education are cause for optimism. However, the nations' small sizes and limited resources are cause for concern in the future. Caribbeans have been somewhat successful at selling their natural beauty and warm climate to tourists; however, hurricanes and other natural disasters such as the January 12, , earthquake in Haiti remain a threat. The factors of small-scale economies, unemployment, and its consequences of crime and disillusionment are major problems to confront in the future.

The Caribbean people, for the most part, have done well in maintaining democratic forms of government and in acknowledging the need to work together. Our Caribbean Community: An Introduction. Kingston: Ian Randle Publishers, Delisle Worrell. Democracy in the Caribbean. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, Henke, Holger, and Fred Reno, eds. Modern Political Culture in the Caribbean.

Jamaica: University of the West Indies Press, Hillman, Richard S. Understanding the Contemporary Caribbean. London: Lynne Rienner, Knight, Franklin,W. New York: Oxford University Press, Knight, Franklin W. The Modern Caribbean. Rogers, Reuel R. Afro-Caribbean Immigrants and the Politics of Incorporation. New York: Cambridge University Press, Rogozinski, Jan. New York: Oxford, Stephens, Evelyne Huber, and John D. Democratic Socialism in Jamaica. Princeton: Princeton University Press, The meeting of Africans, Europeans, and the indigenous peoples in the Caribbean is arguably one of the most interesting and important aspects of world history.

Traditional knowledge, the Kwéyòl language and public policy in a small nation state

Before they were decimated by the Europeans, the indigenous Carib, Arawak, and Ciboney mixed with the newcomers and the Africans as well, giving rise to a mixed Creole population. Between —the effective end of slavery—and , half a million people were transported from India to the Caribbean and British and Dutch Guianas as indentured servants to replace the newly free black laborers on the plantations. The main influential factors on the formation of ideas at that time were the global black consciousness movement and the discussions on identity and Caribbean civilisation; the proclamation of the second Vatican Council, particularly the role of culture in evangelization; the mobilisation of Caribbean churches under the umbrella of the Caribbean Conference of Churches CCC to address issues of decolonisation, economic and social development, cultural invasion from North America and consumerism.

And in St.

And then the St. Omer triptych — Harold Simmons, Dunstan St. Omer, and Derek Walcott — continued to inspire our cultural movement. Study led to action which led to further study and more concrete meaningful action. The journey of the FRC from its inception, operating out of the Catholic parish centre in Castries to its first home at Mount Pleasant has been captured in detail by many founding and newer members including Anthony, Jules, Louisy, Charles 15 in the publication The Road to Mount Pleasant — Essays in Honour of Msgr Patrick Anthony , which was published fortuitously as the last major book by the FRC before the devastating fire of March For besides the legitimation of traditional culture, besides the promotion of local cultural values and the affirmation of resilience against cultural invasion and penetration, there are development programmes that face the development issue head on.

It is instructive to note that the FRC facilitated the implementation of community economic projects in its research communities to address the issues related to poverty and alienation. These included a community shop and black belly sheep production project. Also participating in the discussions were creole language specialists from Louisiana and Cayenne French Guyana.