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Table of contents
- Operation Breakthrough (program) - Wikipedia
- A Civil Rights Breakthrough
- Accessibility Navigation
- Announced: 12222 Tammy Baldwin Breakthrough Award Nominees
Board of Education decision to desegregate schools came down in , the ruling by itself did not ensure justice.
Operation Breakthrough (program) - Wikipedia
It was only with intensified social movement activity — which produced key breakout moments such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott of , the lunch-counter sit-ins of , the Freedom Rides of , the Birmingham campaign of , and the Selma campaign of — that politicians were decisively moved to take the necessary steps to dismantle the legal and political foundations of segregation. The chart below represents over 50 years of polling by Gallup on the importance of racism to the American public. When respondents mark an issue as the most important issue, this is a strong indication that they would be willing to act on their opinion, through votes, donations, or otherwise.
The spikes, occurring frequently in the years through , directly map onto peak moments of mass protest movement activity during the Civil Rights era, showing just how much active support can influence popular sentiment. Although many of the breakthrough campaigns of the Civil Rights movement were local in character, their impact was national. Shortly before Birmingham, many political experts considered passing substantive civil rights legislation an impossibility, given conditions in the Senate, which was largely controlled by pro-segregation southern delegations.
President John F. Kennedy was pragmatically averse to risking support from southern senators and was reluctant to put forward full support for the cause. Yet suddenly, one month after the campaign in Birmingham made international news, Kennedy delivered a fiery address in support of civil rights.
A Civil Rights Breakthrough
This historic about-face ushered in concrete legislation. Public outrage, amongst both whites and blacks, had shifted so that he risked more by not supporting civil rights than by taking a strong stance. All Rights Reserved.
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Web Design by Maggie Andrews. How the Civil Rights movement shifted public support.
Share Flipboard Email. The Black Freedom Struggle. Lisa Vox, Ph.
Updated January 22, The U. Supreme Court strikes down the segregation of African Americans in graduate and law schools. Linda Brown, an 8-year-old girl in Topeka, Kan. Because of segregation, she has to travel by bus to a more distant school for African American children.
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Her father sues the school board of Topeka, and the U. Supreme Court agrees to hear the case.
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The Supreme Court decides Brown v. Board of Education on May 17, arguing that "separate but equal" schools are inherently unequal.
Announced: 12222 Tammy Baldwin Breakthrough Award Nominees
The decision legally prohibits school segregation, declaring it unconstitutional. On Aug. In November, the Federal Interstate Commerce Commission forbids segregation on interstate buses and trains. On Dec.