Environmental Impacts on Reproductive Health and Fertility

Environmental Impacts on Reproductive Health and Fertility effects on all aspects of future reproductive life-course, this book provides the first comprehensive.
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It provides a review of the science in key areas of the relationship between environmental contaminants and reproductive health outcomes, and recommendations on efforts toward prevention in clinical care and public policy. Read more Read less.

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With over 1, definitions and hyperlinks to quality web sites, this searchable source is a valuable complement to any text in environmental health. Concepts in Clinical Pharmacokinetics: Sin Tax Reform in the Philippines: Transforming Public Finance, Health, and Governa Review "This is a leading book in the exploding field of the study of environmental impacts.

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Environmental Impacts on Reproductive Health and Fertility edited by Tracey J. Woodruff

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Vol. International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics opinion on reproductive health impacts of exposure to toxic environmental chemicals. Sutton, Patrice and Woodruff, Tracey J.

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Risk communication and decision tools for children's health protection. Birth Defects Research Part C: Cambridge University Press Online publication date: February Print publication year: Export citation Recommend to librarian Recommend this book. Environmental Impacts on Reproductive Health and Fertility. Edited by Tracey J. Woodruff , Sarah J. Janssen , Louis J. Guillette, Jr , Linda C. Please enter a valid email address Email already added.

Environmental Impact on Reproductive Health: Can Biomarkers Offer Any Help?

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This is the introductory chapter of the book, which provides a review of the science in key areas of the relationship between environmental contaminants and reproductive and developmental health for students and practitioners in the fields of public health, environmental health and research, and medical and allied health professional training. Environmental reproductive health focuses on exposures to environmental contaminants, and their potential effects on all aspects of future reproductive health throughout the life course, including conception, fertility, pregnancy, child and adolescent development, and adult health.

It brings together the core environmental health sciences that form a foundation of information from which to join with other disciplines and partners in related health, social, community, legal, and policy fields to explain the relationship between environmental contaminants and reproductive and developmental health. This chapter reviews concepts of exposure and dose, identifies sources of contaminants, and describes the circumstances of human exposures.

Occurrence of contaminants varies by setting and humans are exposed to multiple contaminants simultaneously or sequentially. Various processes act on contaminants to affect their ultimate fate and distribution within the body and the biologically effective dose relevant to the health outcome of concern.


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It is important to have information on sources of contaminants and the circumstances of exposure. Human exposure and absorption of contaminants depend on properties of the contaminant and the medium in which it is present, as well as human activities, which change over the lifespan. The nature of reproductive system function and human development presents challenges to quantitative measurement of contaminant exposure and dose and subsequent study of health effects.

Environmental causes of Infertility

The ovarian hormones stimulate the development of the reproductive system, induce the development of secondary sexual characteristics, and promote a receptive endometrium for the growth and development of the proconceptus. The development of the ovary is dependent on local and endocrine factors that can be the target of endocrine disruptors. The T-shaped uterus seen in women exposed to diethylstilbestrol DES could represent a narrow and more branched structure, similar to the structure of the fallopian tube.

The genes that control normal patterning of the reproductive tract are beginning to be identified. The most important hormones regulating mammary gland development are estrogen and progesterone. During pregnancy and lactation, prolactin contributes to lobular differentiation and milk production. Estrogen and progesterone play a fundamental role during puberty to develop a normal adult breast. This chapter discusses the key events occurring at different stages of development in the normal human male and how this impacts the reproductive function in adulthood. Development of the normal male reproductive system can be divided into five periods: Normal hormonal functioning of the fetal testis is essential for masculinization and for development of a male reproductive system.

In neonatal male and female babies there is activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and consequent increase in circulating levels of luteinizing hormone LH and follicle-stimulating hormone FSH. During the neonatal period, Sertoli cells continue to proliferate and this is arguably the most important period in life in terms of the magnitude of increase in Sertoli cell numbers.