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- William Labov
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Oral Versions of Personal Experience", [9] Labov, with Joshua Waletzky , takes a sociolinguistic approach to examining how language works between people. This is significant because it contextualizes the study of structure and form, connecting purpose to method. His stated purpose is to "isolate the elements of narrative".
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Labov describes narrative as having two functions: While not every narrative includes all of these elements, the purpose of this subdivision is to show that narratives have inherent structural order. Labov argues that narrative units must retell events in the order that they were experienced because narrative is temporally sequenced.
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In other words, events do not occur at random, but are connected to one another; thus "the original semantic interpretation" depends on their original order. He defines narrative clause as the "basic unit of narrative" [16] around which everything else is built. Clauses can be distinguished from one another by temporal junctures , [17] which indicate a shift in time and which separate narrative clauses.
William Labov
Temporal junctures mark temporal sequencing because clauses cannot be rearranged without disrupting their meaning. This inductive method creates a new system through which to understand story text. It claims that any changes in the sounds or the grammar that have come to conscious awareness in a speech community trigger a uniformly negative reaction. Communities differ in the extent to which they stigmatize the newer forms of language, but I have never yet met anyone who greeted them with applause.
Some older citizens welcome the new music and dances, the new electronic devices and computers.
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But no one has ever been heard to say, "It's wonderful the way young people talk today. It's so much better than the way we talked when I was a kid. At some time in the past, language was in a state of perfection.
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It is understood that in such a state, every sound was correct and beautiful, and every word and expression was proper, accurate, and appropriate. Furthermore, the decline from that state has been regular and persistent, so that every change represents a falling away from the golden age, rather than a return to it. Every new sound will be heard as ugly, and every new expression will be heard as improper, inaccurate, and inappropriate.
Given this principle it is obvious that language change must be interpreted as nonconformity to established norms, and that people will reject changes in the structure of language when they become aware of them.
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Kristin Langellier explains that "the purpose of Labovian analysis is to relate the formal properties of the narrative to their functions": Principles of Linguistic Change, Volume 2: Request permission to reuse content from this site. His impeccable attention to detail is illuminated, as always, by his sensitivity to the social, communal and personal motives that lie behind the ways in which we talk to one another. Chambers , University of Toronto.
This volume assembles elements of his work into a grand mosaic: Guy, New York University.
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Added to Your Shopping Cart. Description Written by the world-renowned pioneer in the field of modern sociolinguistics, this volume examines the cognitive and cultural factors responsible for linguistic change, tracing the life history of these developments, from triggering events to driving forces and endpoints. Log in Register Recommend to librarian.
Export citation Request permission. Christiansen , Morten H. Dawkins , Richard Durham , William H. Genes, culture, and human diversity. Kroch , Anthony Reflexes of grammar in patterns of language change.