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The following gives you a quick look at many typical cardiac medications. Your prescription may have a different name from the ones listed on this chart.
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Relaxes blood vessels and increases the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart while reducing its workload.

Can come in pills to be swallowed, chewable tablets and as a topical application cream. Heart Attack. About Heart Attacks. Warning Signs of a Heart Attack. Angina Chest Pain. Diagnosing a Heart Attack. Treatment of a Heart Attack. Life After a Heart Attack. Heart Attack Tools and Resources.

Reason for Medication Helps to prevent harmful clots from forming in the blood vessels. May prevent the clots from becoming larger and causing more serious problems. Often prescribed to prevent first or recurrent stroke.


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Usually prescribed preventively when plaque buildup is evident but there is not yet a major obstruction in the artery. Certain patients will be prescribed aspirin combined with another antiplatelet drug — also known as dual antiplatelet therapy DAPT. Dual Antiplatelet Therapy DAPT Patients who have had heart attacks, patients who are treated with stents in their coronary arteries, and some patients who undergo coronary artery bypass graft surgery CABG are treated at the same time with two types of antiplatelet agents to prevent blood clotting. If you did not have a heart attack, but have atherosclerosis in your coronary arteries and had a stent placed , you should be on clopidogrel for at least months, depending on the type of stent which was placed, risk of clotting the stent, and bleeding risk.

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If you had a heart attack and a coronary artery stent placed, or you are being medically managed for your heart attack specifically non-ST elevation myocardial infarction NSTEMI , you should also be on a P2Y 12 inhibitor for approximately months. In some cases, it may be advisable to be on DAPT for a longer duration. This will need to be discussed with your healthcare provider. There are three P2Y 12 inhibitors that doctors prescribe, which are clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor.

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These two stronger agents, however, slightly increase bleeding. One of these drugs prasugrel should not be used by patients who have had a stroke or a transient ischemic attack TIA. Which one these medications your doctor prescribes will be based on what he or she feels is best for you, based on your risk of blood clots and bleeding.

For example, according to the FDA link opens in new window , clopidogrel does decrease the risk of stroke and MI, but does not change the risk of death for specific patients. Some patients who undergo coronary artery bypass surgery may be treated with a P2Y 12 inhibitor for a year after the bypass operation. After this, the P2Y 12 inhibitor may be stopped, but the patient continues on aspirin. Your surgeon will discuss if this treatment will be needed. Reason for Medication Used to treat or improve symptoms of cardiovascular conditions including high blood pressure and heart failure.

Failure to move sufficient blood can result in failure in other organs and may result in death if severe. Heart failure is one condition in which the mechanical properties of the heart have failed or are failing, which means insufficient blood is being circulated. Coronary circulation is the circulation of blood in the blood vessels of the heart muscle myocardium. The vessels that deliver oxygen-rich blood to the myocardium are known as coronary arteries. The vessels that remove the deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle are known as cardiac veins.

These include the great cardiac vein , the middle cardiac vein , the small cardiac vein and the anterior cardiac veins. As the left and right coronary arteries run on the surface of the heart, they can be called epicardial coronary arteries. These arteries, when healthy, are capable of autoregulation to maintain coronary blood flow at levels appropriate to the needs of the heart muscle. These relatively narrow vessels are commonly affected by atherosclerosis and can become blocked, causing angina or a heart attack.


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    • See also: circulatory system. The coronary arteries that run deep within the myocardium are referred to as subendocardial. The coronary arteries are classified as "end circulation", since they represent the only source of blood supply to the myocardium; there is very little redundant blood supply, which is why blockage of these vessels can be so critical. The cardiac examination also called the "precordial exam" , is performed as part of a physical examination , or when a patient presents with chest pain suggestive of a cardiovascular pathology.

    It would typically be modified depending on the indication and integrated with other examinations especially the respiratory examination.


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      • Like all medical examinations, the cardiac examination follows the standard structure of inspection, palpation and auscultation. Cardiology is concerned with the normal functionality of the heart and the deviation from a healthy heart. Many disorders involve the heart itself but some are outside of the heart and in the vascular system. Collectively, the two together are termed the cardiovascular system and diseases of one part tend to affect the other. Hypertension , also known as "high blood pressure"", is a long term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated.

      Lifestyle factors can increase the risk of hypertension. These include excess salt in the diet, excess body weight , smoking , and alcohol. Blood pressure is expressed by two measurements, the systolic and diastolic pressures, which are the maximum and minimum pressures, respectively. Lifestyle changes and medications can lower blood pressure and decrease the risk of health complications.

      Essential hypertension is the form of hypertension that by definition has no identifiable cause. Prevalence of essential hypertension increases with age , and individuals with relatively high blood pressure at younger ages are at increased risk for the subsequent development of hypertension. Hypertension can increase the risk of cerebral , cardiac , and renal events.

      Secondary hypertension is a type of hypertension which is caused by an identifiable underlying secondary cause. It has many different causes including endocrine diseases , kidney diseases , and tumors.

      Cardiac Medications

      It also can be a side effect of many medications. Complications of hypertension are clinical outcomes that result from persistent elevation of blood pressure. Cardiac arrhythmia , also known as "cardiac dysrhythmia" or "irregular heartbeat", is a group of conditions in which the heartbeat is irregular, too fast, or too slow. A heart rate that is too fast — above beats per minute in adults — is called tachycardia and a heart rate that is too slow — below 60 beats per minute — is called bradycardia. When symptoms are present these may include palpitations or feeling a pause between heartbeats.

      More seriously there may be lightheadedness , passing out , shortness of breath , or chest pain. There are four main types of arrhythmia: extra beats , supraventricular tachycardias , ventricular arrhythmias , and bradyarrhythmias. Extra beats include premature atrial contractions , premature ventricular contractions , and premature junctional contractions. Supraventricular tachycardias include atrial fibrillation , atrial flutter , and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.

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      Ventricular arrhythmias include ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia. Most arrhythmias can be effectively treated. Medications for a fast heart rate may include beta blockers or agents that attempt to restore a normal heart rhythm such as procainamide. This later group may have more significant side effects especially if taken for a long period of time. Pacemakers are often used for slow heart rates.

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      Those with an irregular heartbeat are often treated with blood thinners to reduce the risk of complications. Those who have severe symptoms from an arrhythmia may receive urgent treatment with a jolt of electricity in the form of cardioversion or defibrillation. Arrhythmia affects millions of people.

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      Coronary artery disease , also known as "ischemic heart disease", [57] is a group of diseases that includes: stable angina , unstable angina , myocardial infarction , and sudden cardiac death. Usually symptoms occur with exercise or emotional stress , last less than a few minutes, and get better with rest. Risk factors include: high blood pressure , smoking , diabetes , lack of exercise, obesity , high blood cholesterol , poor diet, and excessive alcohol , among others.