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Table of contents

• Trade Your Cards
• Release – Excerpt + Giveaway – Wolf Bite (Wolf Cove) by Nina West
• Wolf Bite (Wolf Cove #2)
• CHAPTER II
• Wolf Bite (Wolf Cove, book 2) by Nina West

When the wolf enters the enclosures and finds himself in the midst of the mess, he bites stimulated by the constantly moving prey. This is why we hear about cattle slaughters. Having a good hearing, the wolf hears us arrive in the mountain paths from many kilometers away.

His first thought will not be to attack us but to leave as quickly as possible. This obviously if it is a wolf and not a hybrid of dog and wolf. In that case, the animal will lose its natural confidentiality but will behave like a dog. The hybrids between these two animals are a man-made problem. The abandonment of old or lost dogs in the woods feeds this problem.

This is also dangerous for the wolf himself because the dog could pass certain pathologies to the wolf. However, there have never been real attacks by the Apennine wolf against humans. If they have an escape route the wolf will always choose to leave. We thank Margherita Buresta for the interview and for the important information she wanted to share with us. Now we have deepened the knowledge of this animal.

We write a vademecum of actions to do or not to do in case of a close encounter with a wolf. Have you ever met this animal? Write it commenting on the post!

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The bad news is that we save only those that we are friendly and we most resemble. More and more people are aware of the importance of protecting nature and its biodiversity. The problem of animals at […]. There is something incredibly special about visiting the more-or-less untouched wonders hidden throughout the world. Skipping the over-crowded tourist destinations and opting for more sustainable options is well worth the effort, though.

Sustainable sanctuaries are not only eco-friendly and ethical, but they are also incredibly beautiful, pristine, […].

Herein I review the history of human attitudes towards wolves in the Intermountain West and the contemporary arguments for and against wolf restoration in Utah. When Mormon pioneers journeyed across the Great Plains en route to the Salt Lake Valley, large game animals—the primary quarry of wolves—were extraordinarily abundant.

Profligate waste by pre-pioneer era fur trappers had apparently reduced the number of game animals in the lower valleys, but game remained abundant in the mountains. Hunger forced the first Mormon settlers to shoot whatever game they could find. Unfortunately, unsustainable hunting practices continued even after agricultural settlements were successfully established.

Throughout Utah, chronic overhunting nearly eliminated big game populations by the early s. There was a skiff of snow on the ground, but they saw the tracks of only one deer in three days. The phenomenon of unrestrained hunting and game depletion in Utah occurred throughout the West. The vast herds of bison that Brigham Young witnessed in remained plentiful through the s and s.

By the s, however, large numbers of miners, railroad workers, and homesteaders were venturing west in an exuberant wave of manifest destiny. Like their Mormon predecessors, these frontiersmen all sought table meat on a daily basis.

With no formal hunting restrictions in place, big game populations plummeted and became so imperiled that they would have qualified for endangered species status today. As game populations dwindled in the West, they were replaced by millions of livestock animals. In Utah, the total number of sheep and cattle increased from under , in to over 4. In the settlement of American Fork alone, ranchers owned , sheep.

Early-twentieth-century ranchers failed to recognize the cause-and-effect relationship between human overhunting of large game animals and mounting losses of livestock to predators.

Indeed, in the minds of virtually everyone, escalating predation rates in the early s could mean only one thing—rising predator populations. The overhunting of game animals and the introduction of domestic livestock presented an ominous predicament for destitute Mormon pioneers whose very survival for the first two years in the Salt Lake Valley was threatened by starvation. Valley any less challenging. Despite multifarious factors that resulted in livestock mortalities in Utah and throughout the West, wolves were always cast as the chief villains. There was weather to contend with, disease, rustling, fluctuating beef prices, hazards of trail drives.

Men in a speculative business like cattle ranching singled out one scapegoat for their financial losses.

CHAPTER II

Concurrent with wolf-related livestock losses, sports hunters became frustrated over the scarcity of large game animals. Oblivious to the fact that game had formerly been superabundant despite substantial predator populations and regular harvesting by Native Americans, sports hunters blamed wolves for foundering deer and elk herds.

Forest Service employee who spent his formative years in the early s killing wolves and other predators as part of a government campaign to increase deer and elk populations. Our state has pooled its dollars. The sportsmen and the stockmen—one third of the population and one-half the wealth of New Mexico—demand the eradication of [mountain] lions, wolves, coyotes and bobcats. We had never heard of passing up a chance to kill a wolf. In a second we were pumping lead into the pack.

When our rifles were empty, the old wolf was down and a pup was dragging a leg into impassable slide-rocks. We reached the old wolf in time to watch a fierce green fire dying in her eyes. I realized then, and have known ever since, that there was something new to me in those eyes—something known only to her and to the mountain. But after seeing the green fire die, I sensed that neither the wolf nor the mountain agreed with such a view. Since then I have lived to see state after state extirpate its wolves.

I have seen every edible bush and seedling browsed, first to anemic desuetude, and then to death. I have seen every edible tree defoliated to the height of a saddlehorn. In the end the starved bones of the hoped-for deer herd, dead of its own too-much, bleach with the bones of the dead sage, or molder under the high-lined junipers. I now suspect that just as a deer herd lives in mortal fear of its wolves, so does a mountain live in mortal fear of its deer. Perhaps this is the hidden meaning in the howl of the wolf, long known among mountains, but seldom perceived among men. Today, conservationists recognize the crucial ecological role of wolves and revere the animals as icons of a vanishing American wilderness.

Wolves searching out potential territories in Utah are descendants of Canadian gray wolves released in and in Yellowstone National Park. Wolves were formerly abundant in Yellowstone, but like other predators in the park, they were systematically destroyed in order to protect other wildlife.

The last known resident wolves in Yellowstone were killed in Not only were grasses overgrazed, but tender willows, sapling aspens, and sprouting cottonwoods were persistently nibbled off by twenty thousand hungry elk. As a result of overgrazed vegetation and fewer beaver ponds, erosion accelerated, water tables dropped and a cascade of ecological calamities ensued. Hunting in U.

National Parks has long been prohibited, but by the s environmental conditions had deteriorated so badly in Yellowstone that park officials resorted to desperate tactics to reduce the elk population. Americans demanded that the killing cease, notwithstanding the ecological rationale for the elk slaughter.

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Nature is never a benevolent regulator of wildlife populations, however. With the elk herds so large and the available forage so sparse, particularly in winter, large numbers of elk succumbed to starvation. Although wolves were eradicated from Yellowstone in the s, it became increasingly clear to park authorities during the s and s that many other species both plant and animal could not flourish without wolves. Local economies revolved around livestock production, and several wolf-free decades failed to dampen the deep animosity area ranchers harbored toward the animal.

In the s, conservation groups began pressing Yellowstone officials to re-establish wolves in the park. It belongs to all of us. Yellowstone had been designated such a place for the wolf. In January fourteen wolves were captured in Alberta, Canada, and transported to Yellowstone. Hundreds of on-site spectators and millions of worldwide television viewers watched as a caravan of vehicles carried anxious wildlife officials, opportunistic politicians, and disoriented wolves through Roosevelt Arch into Yellowstone National Park.

Students at nearby Gardner High School were excused from their classes to watch history in the making, and people lining the highway applauded as the procession passed. The former labeling of species as good or bad based strictly on their economic or aesthetic value was discarded for an enlightened perspective that valued predators as much as their prey.

A Salt Lake Tribune poll revealed that 61 percent of Utahns favored wolf recolonization. Ecological value of wolf recolonization. While wolves still generate controversy because of their predatory behavior, that ecological role, as Leopold eloquently stressed, is vital.