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By May 8, the day Germany officially surrendered, they had shipped 35 two-and-a-half-ton capacity truckloads of maps, data and instruments 75 miles south, to Bamberg, a town safely within the American occupation zone. The team culled this to 90 tons of maps, aerial photographs, high-quality geodetic survey instruments and reams of printed data, which they packed into 1, boxes to be shipped to the Army Map Service in Washington.

The haul included complete geodetic coverage of more than a dozen European countries and states, including Russia, and several more in North Africa and the Middle East. Hough later estimated that 95 percent of this data was new to the U.

1. Introduction and Overview

It also included approximately , maps covering all of Europe, Asiatic Russia, parts of North Africa, and scattered coverage of other parts of the world. The Soviets took possession of Saalfeld on July 2. The team also captured seven giant contraptions called stereoplanigraphs—cutting-edge technology used to create topographic maps from aerial photos.

Black Team War Stories: 12in1

Bristling with knobs and adjustable arms, each machine was big enough to fill a room and required two people to operate. A complex interior system of lenses and filters combined images from overlapping aerial photos to make high-precision measurements of elevation differences between hills and valleys and other features of the terrain.

He ordered a furniture factory in Saalfeld to build shipping crates, and sent one of his officers to fetch an engineer from Zeiss headquarters to oversee the disassembly and safe packing of the precious optical equipment. One Sunday in late May, with most of the material from Saalfeld safely relocated to the American zone, Hough finally gave his men a day off.

It was their first since March. After the intense rush of the past few weeks, Hough, too, must have needed a chance to rest. German soldiers could be seen on the streets, shuffling their way home, still wearing their uniforms and carrying their packs. The end of the war did not slow Hough down. He already had a vision for what to do with the captured material, and in Bamberg he quickly got to work. In , this was still a distant dream. Europe alone was a patchwork of roughly 20 datums. Each country, sometimes even individual regions within a single country, had performed its own surveys, often using different mathematical methods.

Yet the raw data needed to create a Europe-wide datum existed—and Hough now had much of it. Massive number-crunching would be required to make it useful. There the Germans performed the thousands of calculations required to integrate survey data covering a vast swath of Central Europe into a single geodetic datum. As the group grew, Allied counter-intelligence officers vetted each new member, barring anyone suspected of Nazi sympathies.

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Shallenberger and Espenshade uncovered maps and data hidden inside salt mines and castles and even buried amid human bones in the graveyard of a monastery. They discovered the map collection of the German state department, the aerial photo archives of the Luftwaffe, and various innovative German devices and processes related to mapmaking. Shallenberger also captured the German general in charge of maps and surveys for the Nazi military, Gerlach Hemmerich. He noticed that the German cook used the formal version of the language, usually spoken only by highly educated people.

The general had recently taken a job stoking furnaces at a U. Army installation; when he returned home from work, Shallenberger and an armed escort took him into custody.

The Untold Story of the Secret Mission to Seize Nazi Map Data

With their mission winding down, Hough made time to draft letters recommending his team members for promotions and new jobs. Hough finally returned to Washington in September and resumed his position as head of the Geodetic Division of the Army Map Service. When several countries that had been invaded by the Nazis understandably refused to turn over their national survey data to the German geodesists, Hough persuaded the Army Map Service to take over the project.

The work reached a culmination in , with the completion of the European Datum, or ED50, which united the continent in a common geodetic network for the first time.


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The ED50, in turn, became part of the foundation for a new global coordinate system known as the Universal Transverse Mercator, the standard coordinate system used by the U. It soon proved equally useful for civilian operations, and was adopted for applications as varied as economic development projects, ecological research and oil prospecting. William Rankin, a historian of science at Yale and author of the book After the Map: Cartography, Navigation, and the Transformation of Territory in the Twentieth Century , says the Universal Transverse Mercator was a crucial step along the path from old-fashioned maps, which represented territory in an intuitively visual way, to coordinate systems such as GPS, which define locations with much greater numerical precision.

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Despite their accomplishments, the exploits of HOUGHTEAM have been only briefly noted by a handful of historians, and their story has been largely forgotten even within the military geospatial community. Hough, who died in at age 77, received this posthumous honor last year. The ability to target Red Square with an intercontinental ballistic missile launched from a silo in Montana requires a level of precision that can only come from geodesy. In the paranoid days of mutually assured destruction, it mattered not only that we had this data, Weir says, but also that the Soviets knew we had it.

And they did. In , according to an article published the following year in Life magazine, Hough met a number of leading Soviet geodesists at a conference in Toronto. Continue or Give a Gift. Privacy Policy , Terms of Use Sign up.

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Human Behavior. Our Planet. Earth Optimism Summit. Ingenuity Ingenuity Awards. The Innovative Spirit. Travel Taiwan. American South. Travel With Us. At the Smithsonian Visit. New Research. Curators' Corner. Ask Smithsonian. It helped that free wireless was within range of the couches, so students and other Internet hungry members of public had found it a great place for free surfing. The consultant sat tight for another ten minutes to avoid suspicion. However, to the surprise of the consultant the security guard fell asleep in that period.

It was a very comfortable couch. The consultant wanted a photo for the report. At the risk of the security guard pretending to be asleep in order to view the consultants screen, the consultant used his phone to inconspicuously take a photo.

The out-of-office was descriptive enough to provide the period he was away on leave. With the failure to hack the wireless network, the time had come to attempt to deliver a box of USB sticks to the Head of IT. It was the perfect time while he was still away, as he would hopefully return to a box of USB sticks on his desk and be less likely to question where they had come from.