Guide Prisoner Reentry: Critical Issues and Policy Directions

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This book addresses the core issues in prisoner reentry into society after incarceration. The chapters are written by academic scholars who have much.
Table of contents

This brief, from the CSG Justice Center, is designed to help state and local officials better support young adults in the justice system. Part I—How Young Adults Are Developmentally Different from Youth and Older Adults: how young adults are distinct from youth; how young adults are distinct from adults; and young adults by the numbers--arrest rates, incarceration rates, and recidivism rates.

Part II—Opportunities and Challenges to Meeting Young Adults' Needs: young adults under justice system supervision have distinct needs and few programs exist that are proven to effectively meet these needs—criminal thinking and behavior, education, employment, mental health and substance use, and transition to independence; young adults face systemic barriers to meeting their needs—aging out of protective networks and lack of coordination across service systems, and collateral consequences.

SOAR training can help local corrections and community transition staff negotiate and integrate benefit options with community reentry strategies for people with mental illness and co-occurring disorders to assure successful outcomes. Sections of this publication cover: building effective partnerships through a shared vision; health care reform and opportunities for expanded access to behavioral health services; prioritizing enrollment to facilitate transition; the risk-need-responsivity RNR model; implications for successful transition and reentry; Guidelines 1 and 2—Assess; Guidelines 3 and 4—Plan; Guidelines 5 and 6—Identify; and Guidelines 7 through 10—Coordinate.

Employers receive the bonds free-of-charge as an incentive to hire hard-to-place job applicants as wage earners. Department of Labor] experiment has proved to be a great success, with over 42, job placements made for at-risk job seekers who were automatically made bondable. Yet the corrections, reentry, and workforce development fields have lacked an integrated tool that draws on the best thinking about reducing recidivism and improving job placement and retention to guide correctional supervision and the provision of community-based services.

To address this gap, this white paper presents a tool that draws on evidence-based criminal justice practices and promising strategies for connecting hard-to-employ people to work. Sections of this publication include: introduction to the relationship between employment and recidivism; what works to reduce recidivism—principles for improving outcomes among unemployed individuals with corrections system-involvement; proven and promising practices for improving outcomes for hard-to-employ individuals; and the resource-allocation and service-matching tool—an integrated approach to reducing recidivism and improving employment outcomes.

Martin, Karin D. The "authors discuss the long-term and unintended consequences of criminal justice financial obligations CJFOs : fines, forfeiture of property, court fees, supervision fees, and restitution" p. This publication "is a financial empowerment toolkit. What does that mean? Financial empowerment includes financial education and financial literacy. It also focuses on helping individuals build their ability to manage money as well as access and use financial services that work for them.

The toolkit is a collection of important financial empowerment information and tools you can choose based on the current needs and goals of the people you serve" p. On December 11, , American Enterprise Institute Resident Fellow Brent Orrell and Minnesota Department of Corrections Director of Research Grant Duwe hosted a private working-group meeting on evaluating and developing reentry programs for individuals returning to their communities from prison. The purpose of the meeting was to convene a group of leading researchers to discuss the current state of reentry programming and explore innovative solutions to reducing recidivism in the United States.

The event featured 10 different presentations and 27 attendees. The working group lasted from a. While I invited participant feedback and integrated much of that feedback into the report, no portion of this report is meant to reflect the consensus view of the participants or funders. People who are leaving incarceration face a significantly higher risk of relapse, overdose, and overdose-related death than people in the general public.

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Because of these odds, reentry is a critical time to provide rapid access to pre- and post-release treatment as well as informed supervision to people who have opioid addictions. The fact sheet provides an overview of 10 ways the professionals in these agencies can help to ensure success, which fall under the following categories: planning and coordination, behavioral health treatment and cognitive behavioral interventions, probation and parole supervision, and recovery support services.

Doleac Two-thirds of those released from prison in the United States will be re-arrested within three years, creating an incarceration cycle that is detrimental to individuals, families, and communities. There is tremendous public interest in ending this cycle, and public policies can help or hinder the reintegration of those released from jail and prison. This review summarizes the rigorous evidence on the effectiveness of programs that aim to improve the reintegration and rehabilitation of the formerly-incarcerated.

While there is a need for much more research on this topic, the existing evidence provides some useful guidance for decision-makers. The importance of evaluating existing and new strategies is also discussed. Since then, reentry has replaced revocation as the word du jour, backed up with a host of new innovations in supervising and rehabilitating offenders to reduce recidivism e.

However, even with all of these new best practices and evidence-based advances in community corrections, there is a recognition that long-term successful reintegration will only take place when there is a coordinated and collaborative effort by all stakeholders working with justice involved individuals in the community.

Issues surrounding reentry programs for inmates are discussed.

With 60,000 Youth Incarcerated Daily, Which Reentry Programs Reduce Recidivism?

Implementing them effectively, however, poses substantial challenges" p. This guide is designed to be a resource of legal information that people can turn to about issues along the path of reentry. Each of these Coaching Packets provides an overview of a key topic related to successful offender reentry, concrete strategies and key steps for enhancing practice in this area, and a "self-assessment tool" that jurisdictions can use to evaluate their strengths and challenges in the particular topic area discussed.

Sections of this brief cover: key findings; the high cost of recidivism in Massachusetts-- incentive to reform, post-release supervision, step downs, and sentence length; evidence-based reentry strategies—post-release supervision, transitional housing, employment services, substance abuse and mental health, and multiservice reentry; collateral sanctions and criminal records in Massachusetts; how much reentry programs can reduce recidivism; conditions of confinement and recidivism risk; state reentry efforts—comprehensive reentry models in Minnesota, Michigan, and Maryland , and funding reentry initiatives justice reinvestment in Arkansas, Hawaii, South Dakota, and pay-for-success financing—California, Massachusetts, New York, and Oklahoma ; justice reinvestment and effective supervision; and a five-part reentry plan for reducing recidivism in Massachusetts.

Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs more than , people are released from state and federal prisons annually. Another 9 million cycle through local jails. Research by the Bureau of Justice Statistics published in , has shown that more than two-thirds of state prisoners will be rearrested within three years of their release and more than half The number of offenders and the likelihood of their re-incarceration have made reentry a priority for policy makers and criminal justice researchers and practitioners.

High rates of recidivism mean more crime, more victims, and more pressure on an already overburdened criminal justice system. The costs of imprisonment also wreak havoc on state and municipal budgets. In the past 20 years state spending on corrections has grown at a faster rate than nearly any other state budget item. The U. Because reentry intersects with issues of health and housing, education and employment, family, faith, and community well-being, many federal agencies are focusing on the reentry population with initiatives that aim to improve outcomes in each of these areas" p.

This annotated bibliography addresses issues surrounding the reentry of offenders into the community. Entries are organized according to: reentry websites; reentry in general; reentry by category for jails, prisons, victims of crimes, community and family support, education, employment and housing, health and safety, and special populations; and resources with earlier publication dates. This online learning resource is an essential ingredient in the development of programs designed to help offenders reenter the community upon their release from jail.

This program contains the following nine modules: getting started; leadership, vision, and organizational culture; collaborative structure and joint ownership; data-driven understanding of local reentry; targeted intervention strategies; screening and assessment; transition plan development; targeted transition interventions; and self-evaluation and sustainability.


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This increased attention is for good reason, as the impact of prisoner reentry on the well-being of individuals, families, and communities is well documented. Sections of this report include: the TJC model and its development; technical assistance and evaluation approach; model implementation in the learning sites; implementation and systems change approaches and evaluation findings; and conclusion. Individuals returning to the community from jail often face difficulties accessing the varied health, social, and other services required to improve reentry and reduce recidivism.

Results of the project focused on both the feasibility of applying EBCD in a community-wide service system in the United States and the recommendations concerning promising solutions and key design principles generated by study participants for improving services for the reentry population in Los Angeles County. The findings should be of value to policymakers, funding organizations, service providers, and community advocates interested in new methods for meaningfully engaging reentry and other vulnerable populations in improving the safety net systems they rely on. Eighty-three articles published since that present a "historical framework for psychological issues in veterans as well as treatment interventions for those exhibiting criminal behavior" are described p.

Esteemed criminologist, Criminal Justice Center co-director Joan Petersilia dies at 68

These articles are covered in the following sections: background; mental health and substance abuse; identifying justice-involved veterans; violence; diversion; veteran treatment courts; reentry; Veteran Justice Outreach VJO Program. In new research, William Rhodes argues that this impression is wrong and that two out of every three released offenders never return to prison. He argues that previous estimates about recidivism have failed to take into account the overrepresentation of returnees in prisons.

Accounting for this factor, he finds that only 11 percent of offenders return to prison more than once, and that the total time that offenders actually spend in prison is overestimated as well. I examine the impact of these laws on state rates of returns to prison, as measured by percent of prison admissions that were people on conditional release when they entered prison, the percent of exits from parole that were considered unsuccessful due returning to incarceration; the percent of exits from parole that were returned to incarceration for a new sentence, and the percent of exits from parole that were returned to incarceration for a technical violation.

I also run an additional fixed effects analysis on the effect of restrictions on Temporary Assistance for Needy Children TANF over a seven year period. This dissertation is comprised of five chapters: introduction to reentry and the era of mass incarceration, goals and realities of collateral consequence laws, and the current study; collateral consequence laws in the United States—overview, legal challenges and concerns, effects, and collateral consequences and recidivism; data and methods; findings regarding voting, access to records, employment, public housing, public assistance, driver's licenses, the cumulative effect, fixed effects analysis of TANF restrictions, and discussion of results; and conclusions.

Seven chapters are contained in this publication: an overview of the Integrated Case Management ICM approach; the critical challenges and strengths of the ICM approach; the nuts and bolts of the ICM approach, how it will look in practice; roles and responsibilities of staff; organizational supports, necessary resources for ICM to succeed at the case level; implementation strategy for agencies committing to ICM; and a final word on organizational and cultural change.

Sample documents related to ICM are also included in the appendixes. Each project provided comprehensive reentry programming to criminal justice system involved adults under state or local custody before and after their return to the community. Target populations and service delivery approaches varied across sites. Each project, however, addressed the multiple challenges facing formerly incarcerated individuals upon their return to the community by providing an array of pre and post-release services, including education and literacy programs, job placement, housing services, and mental health and substance abuse treatment.

This handbook contains 3 checklists: for before your release, just after you return home, and later, when you're a bit more settled in. The Roadmap to Reentry identifies five evidence-based principles guiding federal efforts to improve the correctional practices and programs that govern the lives of those who will reenter society after incarceration. This report describes the implementation challenges and successes among seven grantees who implemented adult reentry programs using SCA funding.

Illinois State University. Working with a local reentry organization, Labyrinth Outreach Services to Women, the purpose of this study was to gather information about opportunities and barriers related to two aspects of their program: employment services and establishment of a microbusiness.

A resource manual to assist reentry service providers with accessing information about services available across Ohio for people returning home from a period of incarceration. Thinking for a Change 4. T4C incorporates research from cognitive restructuring theory, social skills development, and the learning and use of problem solving skills.


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T4C is comprised of 25 lessons that build upon each other, and contains appendices that can be used to craft an aftercare program to meet ongoing cognitive behavioral needs of your group. Not all lessons can be completed in one session, so a typical delivery cycle may take 30 sessions. Sessions should last between one and two hours. Ideally, the curriculum is delivered two times per week, with a minimum recommended dosage of once per week and a maximum of three times per week. Participants must be granted time to complete mandatory homework between each lesson. The program is designed to be provided to justice-involved adults and youth, males and females.

It is intended for groups of eight to twelve and should be delivered only by trained facilitators. Due to its integrated structure, T4C is a closed group, meaning members need to start at the beginning of a cycle, and may not join the group mid-stream lesson five is a logical cut-off point for new group members.

T4C is provided by corrections professionals in prisons, jails, detention centers, community corrections, probation, and parole settings. The National Institute of Corrections has trained more than 10, individuals as T4C group facilitators, and more than trainers who can train additional staff to facilitate the program with justice-involved clients. T4C 4. It is the most sincere hope of NIC and the authors that the changes enable you and your agency to better serve your clients.

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While specifically designed for Georgia, this handbook's format is a great example of an offender reentry handbook. It is based upon the Template from the Minnesota Department of Corrections. Sections following a "GDC Offender Reentry Model" flowchart include: introduction—getting organized; identification; housing; employment; careers; programs inside GDC; work ethics; transportation; money management; education; incarcerated veterans program; selective service; applying for Social Security; health and life skills; mental health services; alcohol, other drugs AOD , and recovery; family and friend relationships; child support; living under supervision; and Georgia specific community resource contact information.

Case management involves monitoring individuals to ensure their completion of court-ordered sanctions, such as community service hours, payment of fees, or restitution, without reoffending. The National Institute of Corrections NIC also expands the definition to include evaluating and assessing the need to connect justice-involved individuals to appropriate services and resources based on their risk to reoffend. This fact sheet highlights what the ERI is. This toolkit is intended to provide information and guidance to those planning and implementing a reentry program for individuals with co-occurring substance use and mental disorders reentering from jail or prison.