Herzensgeschichten einer baltischen Edelfrau (German Edition)

Buy Herzensgeschichten einer baltischen Edelfrau (German Edition): Read Kindle Store Reviews - leondumoulin.nl
Table of contents

• Elisa von der Recke | Revolvy
• Elisa von der Recke
• Access Check
• Herzensgeschichten Einer Baltischen Edelfrau
• Seller information

Mystery Romance Science Fiction Travel. All 99 Cent Books.

1. Free Download Online The Zombie Knight Volume Two The Zombie Knight 2 By George M Frost Fb2?
2. Current Evidence Based Protocols on the Use of Therapeutic Modalities.
3. Special offers and product promotions;
4. Contrast Media in Ultrasonography: Basic Principles and Clinical Applications (Medical Radiology).
5. Treasure Along The Way?
6. O Empreiteiro (Portuguese Edition).

Love to Save on Books, Movies, and Music? Get exclusive access to all of our latest deals and coupons. Alibris has millions of books at amazingly low prices. Community Discussions Reviews Seller Posts.

Engage with the Alibris Community Love shopping on Alibris? Share your stories and reviews with other customers! The Alibris Blog Can't get enough about books, music, and movies? Check out these wonderful and insightful posts from our editors Browse Now. Enter Your Email Address to Subscribe. Low to High Price: High to Low Condition Condition: Reverse Pub Date Pub Date: Shipped within hours. Normal delivery time is days. Shipped from UK in 4 to 14 days.

Established seller since Click here Would you like to report this content as inappropriate? Click here Do you believe that this item violates a copyright? There's a problem loading this menu right now. Get fast, free shipping with Amazon Prime. Your recently viewed items and featured recommendations.

View or edit your browsing history. Get to Know Us. English Choose a language for shopping. Not Enabled Word Wise: Not Enabled Screen Reader: Enabled Amazon Best Sellers Rank: Would you like to report this content as inappropriate?

Elisa von der Recke | Revolvy

Do you believe that this item violates a copyright? She separated from him in and divorced in Their daughter, Frederika von der Recke, died in She got to know Goethe , Schiller , Wieland , Herder and other European literary figures, and intensified their relationships through prolific correspondence. From she lived almost exclusively in Dresden, and from cohabited there with her friend Christoph August Tiedge.

Their meetings were religio- sentimentalist in tone, with the singing of chorales by Johann Gottlieb Naumann. Her works consisted mainly of pietist -sentimentalist poems, journals and memoirs. Elisa von der Recke looked after thirteen foster daughters. Anton Graff — Anton Graff was an eminent Swiss portrait artist. In Graff started studying painting at the art school of Johann Ulrich Schellenberg in Winterthur, after three years he left Winterthur for Augsburg.

There he worked with the etcher Johann Jakob Haid, however, only one year later he was forced to leave Augsburg. The members of the painters guild feared his competition. With a letter of recommendation from Johann Jakob Haid, he moved to Ansbach where he found employment with the court painter Leonhard Schneider until , Graff travelled frequently to Munich to study the paintings in the different collections.

In he went back to Augsburg and later moved to Regensburg, in he went back to Winterthur and Zurich. He thought he was not good enough to work for the court of Saxony. To give Hagedorn an impression of his talent he sent a self-portrait to Dresden, the self-portrait arrived on 16 January , in Dresden. It was so well received that one day later Hagedorn worked out Graffs employment contract.

On 20 June , Graff was appointed Professor for portrait painting at the Dresden Art Academy, Graff made portraits of nearly 1, of his contemporaries and was the leading portrait painter in Germany in the late 18th and early 19th century. Graff was also the portrait painter of German poets between the Enlightenment and the early Romantic periods.

Elisa von der Recke

Many of them were also his friends, like Johann Wolfgang von Goethe whom he met in Dresden in , Graff was the favourite portrait painter of the German, Russian, Polish and Baltic nobility. His portrait of Frederick the Great is regarded as his masterpiece, the painting is exhibited at Schloss Charlottenburg. Frederick the Great never posed for Graff, however, Graff got the authorization to watch the troops parade in This was the chance for Graff to study the physiognomy of the King, Graff was also very popular with the landed gentry, diplomats, musicians and scholars.

Duchy of Courland and Semigallia — There was also a short-lived wartime state existing from 8 March to 22 September with the same name. Plans for it to part of the United Baltic Duchy. On the basis of the Treaty of Vilnius, the part of Estonia. Other members of the Order became the Couronian nobility, with the fiefdoms they had hitherto held becoming their estates, in all, Kettler received nearly one-third of the land in the new duchy.

Mitau was designated as the new capital and a Diet was to meet twice a year. Another district, the Bishopric of Piltene, also called the Bishopric of Courland, belonged to Magnus and he promised to transfer it to the Duchy of Courland after his death, but this plan failed and only later did Wilhelm Kettler regain this district. Like the other members of the Order, Kettler was German, in , he issued the Privilegnum Gotthardinum, which allowed the landholders to enserf the native peasantry on their lands.

When Gotthard Kettler died in , his sons, Friedrich and Wilhelm and they divided the Duchy into two parts in Friedrich controlled the part, Semigalia, with his residence in Mitau. He also paid out and regained control over the Piltene district, here he developed metalworking, shipyards, and the new ships delivered the goods of Courland to other countries.

Access Check

However, relations between the duke and the landowners were quite hostile, in addition, the Polish—Lithuanian Commonwealth, which was the overlord of the Duchy of Courland, supported the landowners. Wilhelm expressed his disappointment with the landowners, but this ended with his removal from the seat in Finally, Wilhelm left Courland and spent the rest of his life abroad, thus, Friedrich became the only duke of Courland after From to , the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Sweden conducted a war with its main battlefields around Riga, as the result, Sweden gained control of central and northern Latvia, which became Swedish Livonia.

The Commonwealth retained the part of the Duchy of Livonia. Latvia — Latvia, officially the Republic of Latvia, is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe, one of the three Baltic states.

It is bordered by Estonia to the north, Lithuania to the south, Russia to the east, Latvia has 1,, inhabitants and a territory of 64, km2. The country has a seasonal climate. Latvia is a parliamentary republic established in The capital city is Riga, the European Capital of Culture , Latvia is a unitary state, divided into administrative divisions, of which are municipalities and 9 are cities. Latvians and Livs are the people of Latvia. Latvian and Lithuanian are the two surviving Baltic languages.

Despite foreign rule from the 13th to 20th centuries, the Latvian nation maintained its identity throughout the generations via the language, Latvia and Estonia share a long common history. Until World War II, Latvia also had significant minorities of ethnic Germans, Latvia is historically predominantly Protestant Lutheran, except for the Latgale region in the southeast, which has historically been predominantly Roman Catholic.

The Russian population has brought a significant portion of Eastern Orthodox Christians. The Republic of Latvia was founded on 18 November , however, its de facto independence was interrupted at the outset of World War II. The peaceful Singing Revolution, starting in , called for Baltic emancipation of Soviet rule and it ended with the Declaration on the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia on 4 May , and restoring de facto independence on 21 August For , Latvia was listed 46th on the Human Development Index and it used the Latvian lats as its currency until it was replaced by the euro on 1 January The name Latvija is derived from the name of the ancient Latgalians, one of four Indo-European Baltic tribes, henry of Latvia coined the Latinisations of the countrys name, Lettigallia and Lethia, both derived from the Latgalians.

The terms inspired the variations on the name in Romance languages from Letonia. The Balts established trade routes to Rome and Byzantium, trading local amber for precious metals, by AD, four distinct Baltic tribes inhabited Latvia, Curonians, Latgalians, Selonians, Semigallians, as well as the Livonians speaking a Finnic language.

Dresden — Dresden is the capital city and, after Leipzig, the second-largest city of the Free State of Saxony in Germany. It is situated in a valley on the River Elbe, near the border with the Czech Republic, Dresden has a long history as the capital and royal residence for the Electors and Kings of Saxony, who for centuries furnished the city with cultural and artistic splendour. The city was known as the Jewel Box, because of its baroque, the controversial American and British bombing of Dresden in World War II towards the end of the war killed approximately 25,, many of whom were civilians, and destroyed the entire city centre.

After the war restoration work has helped to reconstruct parts of the inner city, including the Katholische Hofkirche, the Zwinger. Since German reunification in Dresden is again a cultural, educational and political centre of Germany, the Dresden University of Technology is one of the 10 largest universities in Germany and part of the German Universities Excellence Initiative. The city is one of the most visited in Germany with 4,3 million overnight stays per year.

The royal buildings are among the most impressive buildings in Europe, main sights are also the nearby National Park of Saxon Switzerland, the Ore Mountains and the countryside around Elbe Valley and Moritzburg Castle. The most prominent building in the city of Dresden is the Frauenkirche, built in the 18th century, the church was destroyed during World War II. The remaining ruins were left for 50 years as a war memorial, the church was rebuilt from to Although Dresden is a relatively recent city of Germanic origin followed by settlement of Slavic people, Dresdens founding and early growth is associated with the eastward expansion of Germanic peoples, mining in the nearby Ore Mountains, and the establishment of the Margraviate of Meissen.

It was known as Antiqua Dresdin by , and later as Altendresden, dietrich, Margrave of Meissen, chose Dresden as his interim residence in , as documented in a record calling the place Civitas Dresdene. After , Dresden became the capital of the margraviate and it was given to Friedrich Clem after death of Henry the Illustrious in It was taken by the Margraviate of Brandenburg in and was restored to the Wettin dynasty after the death of Valdemar the Great in , from , it was the seat of the dukes of Saxony, and from the electors as well.

Kingdom of Saxony — The Kingdom of Saxony, lasting between and , was an independent member of a number of historical confederacies in Napoleonic through post-Napoleonic Germany. Its capital was the city of Dresden, and its successor state is the Free State of Saxony. Before Saxony was part of the Holy Roman Empire, an entity which had once aspired to be a single state. The rulers of Electorate of Saxony of the House of Wettin had held the title of elector for several centuries, the last elector of Saxony became King Frederick Augustus I.

This effectiveness probably allowed Saxony to escape the fate of other north German states allied with Austria — notably the Kingdom of Hanover — which were annexed by Prussia after the war, the Austrians insisted as a point of honour that Saxony must be spared, and the Prussians acquiesced. The Constitution of Saxony established the state as a parliamentary monarchy, the king was named as head of the nation. He was required to follow the provisions of the constitution, and could not become the ruler of any other state without the consent of the Diet, or parliament.

The crown was hereditary in the line of the royal family through agnatic primogeniture. Added provisions concerned the formation of a if the king was too young or otherwise unable to rule. Any acts or decrees signed or issued by the king had to be countersigned by at least one of his ministers, without the ministerial countersignature, no act of the king was to be considered valid. The king was given the right to declare any accused person innocent, or alternately to mitigate or suspend their punishment or pardon them and he was also given supreme power over religious matters in Saxony.

The king was given power to promulgate laws, and to carry them into effect. He could not, however, change the constitution itself or the laws in this manner. He was permitted to veto laws passed by the Diet, or to them back with proposed amendments for reconsideration. Germany — Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of , square kilometres, with about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular destination in the world.

Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity, a region named Germania was documented before AD. During the Migration Period the Germanic tribes expanded southward, beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire.

During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation, in , Germany became a nation state when most of the German states unified into the Prussian-dominated German Empire. After a period of Allied occupation, two German states were founded, the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic, in , the country was reunified.

In the 21st century, Germany is a power and has the worlds fourth-largest economy by nominal GDP. As a global leader in industrial and technological sectors, it is both the worlds third-largest exporter and importer of goods. Germany is a country with a very high standard of living sustained by a skilled. It upholds a social security and universal health system, environmental protection. Germany was a member of the European Economic Community in The national military expenditure is the 9th highest in the world, the English word Germany derives from the Latin Germania, which came into use after Julius Caesar adopted it for the peoples east of the Rhine.

Since their resettling from Estonia and Latvia during the upheavals and aftermath of the Second World War, the largest groups of present-day descendants of the Baltic Germans are found in Germany and Canada.

Herzensgeschichten Einer Baltischen Edelfrau

The emerging Baltic-German middle class was mostly urban and professional, in the 12th and 13th centuries Germans, both traders and crusaders, began settling in the eastern Baltics. After the Livonian Crusade they assumed control of government, politics, economics, education, with the decline of Latin, German became the language of all official documents, commerce, education and government.

After many of these increasingly took high positions in the military, political and civilian life of the Russian Empire, Baltic Germans held citizenship of the Russian Empire until and Estonian or Latvian citizenship until — In there were approximately 46, Germans in Estonia, according to the Russian Empire Census of , there were , Germans in Latvia, or 6. Baltic German history and presence in the Baltics came to an end in late , following the signing of the Molotov—Ribbentrop Pact, almost all the Baltic Germans were resettled by Nazi Germany under the Heim ins Reich program into the newly formed Reichsgaue Wartheland and Danzig-West Prussia.

In , most were expelled from these lands by the Soviet army, ethnic Germans from East Prussia and Lithuania are sometimes incorrectly considered Baltic Germans for reasons of cultural, linguistic, and historical affinities. The early crusaders, tradesmen and craftsmen often married local females, some noble families, like Lievens, even claimed descent from native chieftains. Many of the German Livonian Order soldiers died during the Livonian war, during this time the Low German of the original settlers was replaced by the High German.

In those cases where intermarriage occurred, the ethnic group frequently assimilated into German culture, adopting language, customs. They were then considered Germans, leading to the ethnogenesis of the Baltic Germans, barclay de Tolly and George Armitstead, who arrived from the British Isles, became part of the Baltic-German community. Livland, roughly the half of present-day Estonia and the northern and eastern part of todays Latvia, major towns, Riga, Wenden, Wolmar, Walk, Dorpat, Pernau.

Kurland, roughly the half of present-day Latvia, major towns. Courland — Courland or Kurzeme is one of the historical and cultural regions of Latvia. The regions of Semigallia and Selonia are sometimes considered as part of Courland as they were held by the same duke. To the north, Courlands coast lies along the Gulf of Riga, on the west it is bordered by the Baltic Sea, and on the south by Lithuania. The landscape generally has a low and undulating character, with flat, the interior features wooded dunes, covered with pine, spruce, birch, and oak, with swamps and lakes, and fertile patches between.

Courlands elevation never rises more than m above sea level, the Jelgava plain divides Courland into two parts, the western side, which is fertile and densely inhabited, except in the north, and the eastern side, less fertile and thinly inhabited. Nearly one hundred rivers drain Courland, but only three of these rivers — the Daugava, the Lielupe and the Venta — are navigable and they all flow northwestward and discharge into the Baltic Sea.

Owing to its numerous lakes and marshes, Courland has a damp, often foggy, in ancient times the Curonians, a pagan tribe, inhabited Courland. The Brethren of the Sword, a German military order, subdued the Curonians, in the area passed into the rule of the Teutonic Knights owing to the amalgamation of this order with that of the Brethren of the Sword.

Seller information

The Livonian Confederation was a loosely organized confederation formed by the German-led Livonian Order and it existed from to the s, when it was dismembered during the Livonian Wars. The Duchy of Courland and Semigallia was a semi-independent duchy that existed from until , encompassing the areas of Courland, although nominally a vassal state of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the dukes operated autonomously. From the time of the Northern Crusades in the early 13th century, in , the Russian authorities issued laws to enable Latvians, who formed the bulk of the population, to acquire the farms which they held, and special banks were founded to help them.

By this means, some occupants bought their farms, but the mass of the population remained landless. Agriculture was the occupation, with the principal crops being rye, barley, oats, wheat, flax. The large estates conducted agriculture with skill and scientific knowledge, excellent breeds of cattle, sheep and pigs were kept.

These imperial counts sat on one of the four benches of Counts, in the Merovingian and Franconian Empire, a Graf was an official who exercised the royal prerogatives in an administrative district. Their roles within the system tended to become hereditary and were gradually integrated with those of the ruling nobility by the close of the medieval era.