Treaty of Misenum - 39 BC is the eighth in a series of twelve eBooks titled 'the Octavian Chronicles' that tell the story of the 'Rise to Power' of Julius Caesar's.
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- Treaty of Misenum-39 BC
The Roman fleet since the time of Augustus had been based in two main naval stations, Ravenna on the east coast, Misenum on the west. Misenum was situated in the region of Cumae, uli, Baiae and puteoli. Its name was derived suppos- from Misenus, the trumpeter of Aeneas, who drowned j i the waters of its bay. For many years the Campanians trere threatened by pirate There is also a description of this cave in Justin Martyr. Beyond Cumae is the promontory of Misenum , Baiae and Puteoli were on the Pliny the Younger observed the suffocating ash that had engulfed Pompeii as it swept across the bay toward Misenum on the morning of August At the time, Pliny was 18 and living at his uncle's villa in the town of Misenum , northwest of Vesuvius.
The city of Pompeii was much closer and In addition, sources state that Titus discovered that his brother Domitian was plotting against him but refused to have him killed or banished. Emperor Titus completed the Amphitheatrum Flavium , begun by his father, and building new imperial Thermae. In addition to providing spectacular entertainments to the Roman populace, the building was also conceived as a gigantic triumphal monument to commemorate the military achievements of the Flavians during the Primum populi Romani bellum in Iudaeos.
During the games, wooden balls were dropped into the audience, inscribed with various prizes clothing, gold, or even slaves , which could then be traded for the designated item. Construction of this building was hastily finished to coincide with the completion of the Flavian Amphitheatre. Although his administration was marked by a relative absence of major military or political conflicts, Titus faced a number of major disasters. Immediately, Titus toured the devastated areas, seeing to it that relief was provided. He appointed 2 ex-Consuls to organize and coordinate the relief effort, while personally donating large amounts of money from the imperial treasury to aid the victims of the volcano.
Once again, Titus personally compensated for the damaged regions. He even stripped his own home of decorations and distributed them among the damaged temples and public buildings. The last catastrophe to strike his reign was a severe plague. According to Suetonius, a plague also broke out during the fire. At the closing of the games, Titus officially dedicated the amphitheatre and the baths, which was to be his final recorded act as Emperor. Reportedly this was the same farm-house that his father died in. Some suspect Domitian of poisoning his older brother for position and power.
Domitian recommended an ice bath for Titus, placing him in a snow-packed chest. Domitian then left his brother, hurrying back to Rome where he sat waiting to claim the throne. On 13 September 81 AD Titus died. Or as some believe, was the mistake not killing his brother when he had the chance? Dying at the age of 42, Titus served 2 years, 2 months and 20 days as Emperor. Historians have speculated on the exact nature of his death, and to which mistake Titus alluded in his final words.
Suetonius and Cassius Dio maintain he died of natural causes, but both accuse Domitian of having left the ailing Titus for dead. All the surviving accounts from this period, many of them written by his own contemporaries, present a highly favorable view towards Titus. Titus, of the same surname as his father, was the delight and darling of the human race; such surpassing ability had he, by nature, art, or good fortune, to win the affections of all men, and that, too, which is no easy task, while he was emperor.
He shares a similar outlook as Suetonius, possibly even using the latter as a source, but is more reserved, noting:. His satisfactory record may also have been due to the fact that he survived his accession but a very short time, for he was thus given no opportunity for wrongdoing.
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For he lived after this only two years, two months and twenty days—in addition to the thirty-nine years, five months and twenty-five days he had already lived at that time. For Augustus, though at the outset he showed himself rather harsh because of the wars and the factional strife, was later able, in the course of time, to achieve a brilliant reputation for his kindly deeds; Titus, on the other hand, ruled with mildness and died at the height of his glory, whereas, if he had lived a long time, it might have been shown that he owes his present fame more to good fortune than to merit. The war in Judaea and the life of Titus, particularly his relationship with Berenice, have inspired writers and artists through the centuries.
This concludes our series on Titus, his early life, as a military commander and as Emperor. We hope you enjoyed learning about a man who did so much in so little time. Jones, Brian; Milns, Robert. Bristol Classical Press We continue with Part II.
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Today we check out Titus — The Military Commander! Titus gained renown as a Commanding Officer. With a strength of 60, professional soldiers, the Romans prepared to sweep across Galilee then march on Jerusalem. Josephus had surrendered to Vespasian in Galilee and became a prisoner. He later wrote that he provided the Romans with intelligence on the ongoing revolt.
By 68, the entire coast and the north of Judaea were subjugated by the Roman army, with decisive victories won at Taricheae and Gamala , where Titus distinguished himself as a skilled Dux. Not wanting to risk being taken hostage by either side, Titus smartly abandoned the journey to Rome and rejoined his father in Judaea.
Meanwhile the Jews had become embroiled in a civil war of their own, splitting the resistance in Jerusalem between several factions. Under his leadership, the military made entire communities disappear. Thousands of attempted escapees were crucified , and their bodies were left in full view of those remaining behind the walls. The one section of remaining wall would become the holiest location in all of Judea, the Wailing Wall. Josephus claims that 1. Around 97, were captured and enslaved. Titus reportedly refused to accept a wreath of victory, as he claimed that he had not won the victory on his own.
According to Suetonius, this caused consternation. Titus returned quickly to Rome hoping to allay any suspicions about his conduct. Immediately Titus was recognized as the heir apparent to his father. Titus used the position to remove any person who opposed his father, even forging documents and letters. Many in Rome viewed Titus as being both callous and cruel. In this capacity he achieved considerable disrepute in Rome for his violent actions, frequently ordering the execution of suspected traitors on the spot. In 75 AD, Berenice returned to Titus and openly lived with him in the palace as his promised wife.
The Romans were wary of the eastern queen and disapproved of their relationship. On 23 June 79 AD, Vespasian unexpectedly died of an infection and was immediately succeeded by his son Titus. Come back tomorrow as we conclude the series and see Emperor Titus. Greetings and welcome to Rome Across Europe! Not too long ago we shared a video about the Arch of Titus. It was fun, so check it out. Why was a triumphal arch , something we love, dedicated to this man? Why was he so important? Decades of civil war during the 1st Century BC had contributed greatly to the demise of the old Roman aristocracy , which was gradually replaced in prominence by a new provincial nobility during the early part of the 1st Century.
This turn of events allowed Titus to receive the benefits of a court education. Suetonius also described Titus as being graceful and dignified as well as muscular and handsome. In fact, Titus drank from the same cup as Britannicus, becoming sick himself. She died shortly afterwards in 65 AD. His next marriage was to Marcia Furnilla , from a much more distinguished family. This marriage produced a daughter, but ended in divorce for political reasons.
Titus never remarried, although he did take Queen Berenice of the Judean royal family as a mistress. This concludes Part I of journey into the life of Titus. Today we complete our list of Top 15 Roman Commanders in ancient Rome. Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus — BC. Romans of the aristocratic class regarded him as a Roman hero and role model holding Roman simplicity and civic virtue. His son, Caeso Quinctius , was convicted and condemned to death in absentia , leaving his father to pay an immense fine.
Cincinnatus was then forced to sell off most of his lands and retire to a small farm. He and his family, excluding Caeso, were able to subsist on the work of their hands. The Senate fell into a panic and authorized the other Consul for the year, Horatius Pulvillus, to nominate a Dictator. Horatius nominated Cincinnatus for a dictatorial term also known as Magister Populi or Master of the People for 6 months.
A group of Senators were sent to tell Cincinnatus that he had been nominated Dictator.
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He called to his wife, Racilia, telling her to bring out his toga from their cottage. When he put on his toga, the delegation hailed him as Dictator , and told him to come to the city.
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Funny an invasion caused the once ousted Cincinnatus to be called on by the people who had ousted him to serve as Dictator of Rome. He left his farm on the far side of the river and crossed the Tiber , in a boat provided by the Senate, to reach Rome. The Roman Army arrived at Algidus Mons by night. Cincinnatus signaled to the besieged Romans that he had arrived, and then ordered his men to build a wall all around the Aequi. The Aequi attacked Cincinnatus, but they were soon obliged to turn and face the Romans of Minucius, who had left their camp to reach their companions.
At dawn, the wall around the Aequi was completed. Cincinnatus ordered his men, who had marched and worked for a whole day without rest, to attack the Aequi within the wall. The Aequi were surprised by the double-attack and were soon cut to pieces.
MISENUM - Definition and synonyms of Misenum in the English dictionary
The commanders of the Aequi begged Cincinnatus not to slaughter them all. Not wanting to cause any unnecessary bloodshed, Cincinnatus told the Aequi that he would let them live if they killed 3 major people for him.
The Aequi immediately brought their leader, Gracchus Cloelius, and 2 of his officers in chains to Cincinnatus. From Hannibal to Attila the Hun. Asia Minor, Syria and Armenia. Ancient Rome Collins Gem. The Age of Caesar: A Short History of Rome Illustrated.
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Treaty of Misenum-39 BC
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