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Oct 17, - The official fastest free fall speed was reported as m/s. AH HA! That is just barely over the speed of sound at m/s. My physics textbook.
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Yet the arrival of the sound wave from the location of the lightning strike occurs much later.

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Another phenomenon related to the perception of time delays between two events is an echo. A person can often perceive a time delay between the production of a sound and the arrival of a reflection of that sound off a distant barrier. If you have ever made a holler within a canyon, perhaps you have heard an echo of your holler off a distant canyon wall.

Speed of Sound Formulas

The time delay between the holler and the echo corresponds to the time for the holler to travel the round-trip distance to the canyon wall and back. A measurement of this time would allow a person to estimate the one-way distance to the canyon wall. For instance if an echo is heard 1. The canyon wall is meters away. You might have noticed that the time of 0.

How were the speed of sound and the speed of light determined and measured?

Since the time delay corresponds to the time for the holler to travel the round-trip distance to the canyon wall and back, the one-way distance to the canyon wall corresponds to one-half the time delay. While an echo is of relatively minimal importance to humans, echolocation is an essential trick of the trade for bats.

Being a nocturnal creature, bats must use sound waves to navigate and hunt.

The Speed of Sound Calculation

They produce short bursts of ultrasonic sound waves that reflect off objects in their surroundings and return. Their detection of the time delay between the sending and receiving of the pulses allows a bat to approximate the distance to surrounding objects. Some bats, known as Doppler bats, are capable of detecting the speed and direction of any moving objects by monitoring the changes in frequency of the reflected pulses.

These bats are utilizing the physics of the Doppler effect discussed in an earlier unit and also to be discussed later in Lesson 3. This method of echolocation enables a bat to navigate and to hunt.


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Like any wave, a sound wave has a speed that is mathematically related to the frequency and the wavelength of the wave. As discussed in a previous unit , the mathematical relationship between speed, frequency and wavelength is given by the following equation. The above equation is useful for solving mathematical problems related to the speed, frequency and wavelength relationship.

Speed of Sound

However, one important misconception could be conveyed by the equation. Even though wave speed is calculated using the frequency and the wavelength, the wave speed is not dependent upon these quantities. An alteration in wavelength does not affect i. Rather, an alteration in wavelength affects the frequency in an inverse manner.

A doubling of the wavelength results in a halving of the frequency; yet the wave speed is not changed. The speed of a sound wave depends on the properties of the medium through which it moves and the only way to change the speed is to change the properties of the medium. An automatic focus camera is able to focus on objects by use of an ultrasonic sound wave. The camera sends out sound waves that reflect off distant objects and return to the camera.

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A sensor detects the time it takes for the waves to return and then determines the distance an object is from the camera. Use 0. On a hot summer day, a pesky little mosquito produced its warning sound near your ear. The sound is produced by the beating of its wings at a rate of about wing beats per second.

Mach and Speed of Sound Calculator

Substitute and solve. Doubling the frequency will halve the wavelength; speed is unaffected by the alteration in the frequency. Scientists are interested in the speed of sound, according to NASA, because it indicates the speed of transmitting a "small disturbance" another way of describing a sound wave through a gas medium. The transmission of the disturbance takes place as molecules in the gas hit each other.


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The speed of sound also varies depending on the type of gas air, pure oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc. The speed varies with the medium employed for example, sound waves move faster through water than through air , as well as with the properties of the medium, especially temperature.

The speed varies depending on atmospheric conditions; the most important factor is the temperature. This is because pressure and density both contribute to sound velocity equally, and in an ideal gas the two effects cancel out, leaving only the effect of temperature. Reference Terms. The term is commonly used to refer specifically to the speed of sound in air.

Humidity has little effect on the speed of sound, nor does air pressure by itself. Air pressure has no effect at all in an ideal gas approximation. Sound usually travels more slowly with greater altitude, due to reduced temperature. Related Stories. Now researchers have analyzed the fluid dynamics of his