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This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world , and other notations in the work.
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Don't have a Kindle? No customer reviews. There's a problem loading this menu right now. The choices of dehorning techniques range from genetic to surgical. The risks to the calf and the operator vary with each technique. Many producers choose to dehorn new-born calves because the techniques are easier for the operator, less stressful on the calves and they demonstrate concern for the animals' welfare.
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Here are the common dehorning methods. Horned or polled cows mated to a naturally polled bull Angus will give birth to polled calves. However, some non-naturally polled bulls carry the gene for horns and will not breed true for the polled trait. Caustic chemicals will prevent the growth of horns when properly applied to the horn buds of new-born less than one to three weeks of age calves. The chemical destroys the horn-producing cells around the horn bud.
The chemicals are available as sticks or pastes Figure 2. To protect yourself, wear gloves when applying the chemicals. To protect the calf, avoid application near its eyes. Do not use caustics in rainy weather. Figure 3. The circle at the base of the ear shows the location of the horn bud in a young calf. The horn bud is readily visible after pushing back the hair.
Reposition the hair over the paste and bud after applying the dehorning paste.
56 Best Cow Drawing images | Cow, Cow art, Cow drawing
Hot iron dehorners are available in versions heated by a furnace or fire, volt battery, volt electricity, power packs e. The head of the iron is a hollow circle and it fits over the horn bud. Proper application of the hot iron will destroy the horn-producing skin at the base of the horn. This technique works well for calves up to 12 weeks old. There are several sizes of dehorning irons. The proper size is one where the burner makes a complete ring around the base of the horn. For electric irons, use a short extension cord as voltage drops with a long cord, limiting the amount of heat generated by the dehorner.
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Dehorning spoons or tubes provide a quick and efficient technique for removing horn buds in calves less than eight weeks of age Figure 5. With this method, a sharpened metal tube cuts through and removes the horn-producing skin at the base of the horn bud.
Figure 5. A dehorning spoon or tube is used to remove the horn bud plus the horn-producing skin at the base of the bud.
Advantages and Disadvantages not bloodless useful for young calves risk of infection because of open wounds avoid use during fly season unreliable when done incorrectly, leads to scurs requires expertise - pain control, technique, control of bleeding Scoop, Gouge or Barnes-Type Dehorner Scoop dehorners are used for calves ranging in age from two to four months with horns up to four inches long Figure 6. Some operators claim better dehorning with a rectangular-shaped scoop because it removes an even ring of skin around and with the horn bud.
Cow Face Drawing
When used properly, it does not go too deep, but the dehorner can open the frontal sinus when used at the top end of the age and horn-size range. The blades must be kept sharp for best results. Figure 6. A Barnes-type dehorner scoops the horn and horn-producing skin surrounding the horn base. Figure 7.
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With young calves, the Barnes-type dehorner removes horn-producing skin but does not cut into the frontal sinus as shown by the arced line in Figure 7. In older calves with the horn attached to the skull, the dehorner cuts into the frontal sinus. Dehorning and disbudding are surgical procedures. Calves require observation and aftercare following the surgery. Diseases can be spread from animal to animal on dehorning equipment contaminated with blood. Enzootic bovine leucosis virus and the wart virus are two examples. It is essential to disinfect the tube and Barnes-type dehorners after each calf is dehorned.
The heat from electric dehorners effectively disinfects them between each calf. Hot-iron dehorners occasionally require cleaning with a wire brush. This document describes procedures and techniques for dehorning young calves. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity individual or corporate has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc.
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