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The England–Germany football rivalry is considered to be mainly an English phenomenon—in the run-up to any competition match between the two teams.
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Animation off Animation. Deutsch English. Alex travels to schools in the UK, Ben to their respective project partner schools in Germany. Each bear is accompanied by a teaching resources, including worksheets and detailed lesson ideas. These are linked, where possible, with curriculum topics. Each participating teacher receives access to a special online Bears area, with songs, interactive games and quizzes.

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England v Germany - Women's Football Internationals 2019

The latter, in , would switch sides. In January Wilhelm escalated tensions with his Kruger telegram , congratulating Boer President Kruger of the Transvaal for beating off the Jameson raid. German officials in Berlin had managed to stop the Kaiser from proposing a German protectorate over the Transvaal. It was the new policy to assert its claim to be a global power. Bismarck's conservativism was abandoned, as Germany was intent on challenging and upsetting international order. Britain began to see Germany as a hostile force and moved to friendlier relationships with France.


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The British Royal Navy dominated the globe in the 19th century, but after , Germany attempted to achieve parity. The resulting naval race heightened tensions between the two nations. In Admiral Tirpitz became German Naval Secretary of State and began the transformation of German Navy from small, coastal defence force to a fleet that was meant to challenge British naval power.

Tirpitz calls for Risikoflotte Risk Fleet that would make it too risky for Britain to take on Germany, as part of wider bid to alter the international balance of power decisively in Germany's favour. The German Navy , under Tirpitz, had ambitions to rival the great British Navy and dramatically expanded its fleet in the early 20th century to protect the colonies and to exert power worldwide. In , to protect its new fleet. Germany traded the strategic island of Heligoland in the North Sea with Britain.

In exchange Britain gained the Eastern African island of Zanzibar , where it proceeded to construct a naval base. In the First Moroccan Crisis of , there was nearly war between Germany against Britain and France over a French attempt to establish a protectorate over Morocco.

The Germans were upset at not being informed. Wilhelm made a highly-provocative speech for Moroccan independence. The following year, a conference was held at Algeciras in which all of the European powers except Austria-Hungary now increasingly seen as little more than a German satellite sided with France.

A compromise was brokered by the United States for the French to relinquish some of their control over Morocco. In , France prepared to send more troops into Morocco. He sent a small warship, the SMS Panther , to Agadir , made saber-rattling threats and whipped up anger by German nationalists. France and Germany soon agreed on a compromise, with France gaining control of Morocco and Germany gaining some of the French Congo. The British cabinet , however, was angry and alarmed at Germany's aggression.

Lloyd George made a dramatic "Mansion House" speech that denounced the German move as an intolerable humiliation. There was talk of war until Germany backed down, and relations remained sour. The Liberal Party controlled the British government in and was adverse to war with anyone and wanted to remain neutral as the First World War suddenly erupted in July Since relations with Germany regarding colonies and the naval race had improved in it did not expect trouble.

However Liberal Prime Minister H. Asquith and especially Foreign Minister Edward Grey were committed to defending France, which was weaker than Germany. The emerging Labour Party and other socialists denounced war as a capitalist device to maximize profits. In , the leading German expert in the Foreign Office, Eyre Crowe , wrote a memorandum for senior officials that warned vigorously against German intentions.

Crowe argued that Germany presented a threat to the balance of power like that of Napoleon. Germany would expand its power unless the Entente Cordiale with France was upgraded to a full military alliance. In Germany, left-wing parties, especially the SPD or Socialist Party , in the German election , won a third of the vote and the most seats for the first time. German historian Fritz Fischer famously argued that the Junkers , who dominated Germany, wanted an external war to distract the population and to whip up patriotic support for the government.

In explaining why neutral Britain went to war with Germany, Paul Kennedy , in The Rise of the Anglo-German Antagonism, , argued Germany had become economically more powerful than Britain. Kennedy downplayed the disputes over economic trade and imperialism. There had long been disputes over the Baghdad Railway which Germany proposed to build through the Ottoman Empire.

An amicable compromise on the railway was reached in early so it played no role in starting the July Crisis. Germany relied time and again on sheer military power, but Britain began to appeal to moral sensibilities. Germany saw its invasion of Belgium as a necessary military tactic, and Britain saw it as a profound moral crime, a major cause of British entry into the war.

Kennedy argues that by far the main reason for the war was London's fear that a repeat of , when Prussia led other German states to smash France, would mean Germany, with a powerful army and navy, would control the English Channel and northwestern France. British policymakers thought that would be a catastrophe for British security.

Germany violated that treaty in , with its chancellor Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg ridiculing the treaty a " scrap of paper ". That ensured that Liberals would join Conservatives in calling for war. Historian Zara Steiner says that in response to the German invasion of Belgium:.

The great German offensive on the Western Front in spring almost succeeded. The Germans broke through into open country but outran their supplies and artillery support. By summer , American soldiers were arriving on the front at 10, a day, but Germany was unable to replace its casualties and its army shrank every day.

BBC - History - World Wars: The German Threat to Britain in World War Two

A series of huge battles in September and October produced sweeping Allied victories, and the German High Command, under Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg , saw it had lost and told Wilhelm to abdicate and go into exile. Instead the terms amounted almost to a surrender: Allied forces occupied Germany up the River Rhine, and Germany was required to disarm, losing its war gains, colonies and navy.

By keeping the food blockade in place, the Allies were determined to starve Germany until it agreed to peace terms. In the election , only days later, British Prime Minister Lloyd George promised to impose a harsh treaty on Germany. At the Paris Peace Conference in early , however, Lloyd George was much more moderate than France and Italy, but he still agreed to force Germany to admit starting the war and to commit to paying the entire cost of the Allies in the war, including veterans' benefits and interest.

In to , Britain and Germany were on generally good terms, as shown by the Locarno Treaties [47] and the Kellogg—Briand Pact , which helped reintegrate Germany into Europe. At the Genoa Conference , Britain clashed openly with France over the amount of reparations to be collected from Germany. In , France occupied the Ruhr industrial area of Germany after Germany defaulted in its reparations. In , Britain forced France to make major reductions on the amount of reparations Germany had to pay. The US later resolved the reparations issue.

The Dawes Plan and the Young Plan , sponsored by the US, provided financing for the sums that Germany owed the Allies in reparations. Much of the money returned to Britain, which then paid off its American loans.

Herman Göring and the Luftwaffe

From , German payments to Britain were suspended. With the coming to power of Hitler and the Nazis in , relations worsened. In , a secret report by the British Defence Requirements Committee called Germany the "ultimate potential enemy" and called for an expeditionary force of five mechanised divisions and fourteen infantry divisions. However, budget restraints prevented the formation of a large force. In , the two nations agreed to the Anglo-German Naval Agreement to avoid a repeat of the pre naval race. By , appeasement was British effort to prevent war or at least to postpone it until the British military was ready.

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Cities, Mountains and Being Modern in fin-de-siècle England and Germany

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