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How to Have No Fear. Fear is a life-saving feeling meant to circulate adrenaline and improve performance so that we can escape danger.
Table of contents
Stress is the mental and physical state humans feel when they experience something difficult or threatening. Stress can come from many different sources. Normal stressors are things that make you feel nervous or scared for a short time, like talking in front of a large group of people. Bigger, long-lasting stressors make you feel sad or scared for a long time. The death of a close family member is one example.
Have No Fear
The good news is that your brain is a superhero! Every day it keeps you safe from too much stress. The brain gets help from other organs to calm you down when you face scary or sad stressful situations. The stress—response system is the name of the team of superheroes in your body that is led by the brain to combat stress. The stress—response system takes action by speeding up your heart beat to increase blood flow, speeding up your breathing to take in more oxygen, and slowing your digestion to store away fat and sugar for energy. In this article, we will talk about how the brain and body react to stress and how the brain regulates these reactions.
We will also talk about the outside help the brain uses to regulate stress because even superheroes need a little help sometimes! Finally, we will learn how humans adapt to stress when it is long lasting. When the brain detects stress in the environment, the stress—response system goes into action. This begins with the hypothalamus—pituitary—adrenal HPA axis Figure 1. Those are some very long words, so scientists just call it the HPA axis. When the brain detects stress, it first sends a message to a part of the brain called the hypothalamus.
The job of the hypothalamus is to wake up the pituitary gland.
Although the pituitary is only about the size of a small pea, it has a mighty job. The pituitary releases hormones, which are the messengers in the stress—response system. These hormones travel out of the brain to the adrenal glands. The adrenal glands sit on top of the kidneys. The adrenal glands release cortisol into the body. Cortisol is known as the stress hormone. Cortisol is a messenger that sets other organs in the body into action.
It is like the superpower of the stress response system. Cortisol helps the brain to think clearly, sends energy to important muscles, and increases heart rate and breathing. You can imagine that all of these bodily functions would be important if you were face-to-face with a bear: you would need to think about how to escape, use your muscles to run away, and have a fast heartbeat to pump lots of blood to the muscles and fast breathing to take in more oxygen [ 1 ].
Another important brain structure involved in the stress response system is called the amygdala.
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This funny-sounding brain structure is the size of a small kidney bean. It is located in the middle of the brain Figure 1. The amygdala is the brain structure that actually detects stress and tells the HPA axis to respond. It can detect both emotional and biological stressors. An emotional stressor is something in the environment that may cause you to feel scared, sad, or frustrated, like the bear. A biological stressor is internal stress felt by the body, because of an injury or illness [ 1 ]. These functions of the amygdala are extremely important for survival.
Just think—if you could not detect things that are harmful or stressful, you would not survive! The amygdala shares a special connection with another part of the brain called the prefrontal cortex. The prefrontal cortex is a big region in the front of the brain Figure 1. It can be called the control center of our brains because it helps to control our thoughts and actions. The main job of the prefrontal cortex is to control our emotional responses to stress so that we do not get too stressed out.
This is why the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex share a special connection [ 2 ]. The amygdala quickly signals a threat or stress in the environment, and the prefrontal cortex helps the amygdala to see stressful events as a little less scary or frustrating.
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It is important to be able to use the brain to help slow the production of cortisol in the HPA axis. This process helps us calm down during a normal stressor by perceiving the situation as non-life threatening. In the bear example, which is a real danger, this process would help us to calm down after the bear runs away. Even though our bodies have these super stress—response systems, humans are best at dealing with stress when they have a little help. This help is called social support, which refers to the ways that other people can help us feel safe, loved, and cared for [ 1 ].
Your friends and family may provide social support by hugging you when you are sad or scared, hanging out with you when you feel lonely, or celebrating with you when you are excited. We especially need social support when we are very young. Remember earlier when we mentioned that the amygdala shares a special connection with the prefrontal cortex? This connection does not mature until you are a teenager; therefore, infants and children rely on their parents to help them calm down. Scientists have studied how the brain responds to stress using a special technique called functional magnetic resonance imaging, or fMRI for short.
Scientists did an experiment to find out how moms help their children deal with stress. Children ages 4—10 and teenagers ages 11—17 viewed emotional faces on a computer screen. Some of the faces showed negative emotions, like sadness or fear.
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Because seeing these negative emotional faces could be stressful, the amygdalas of the children and teenagers became active when these faces were viewed [ 2 ]. Children who had their mothers next to them as they viewed the faces showed lower amygdala activity Figure 2. These children also had more mature connections between the amygdala and prefrontal cortex when their mothers were nearby!
When people, like the moms in this experiment, provide social support that helps regulate the stress response, it is called social buffering. Buffering means to protect or shield.
Social buffering that comes from mothers is called maternal buffering. Research has shown that moms and other caregivers like dads and babysitters help to lower the cortisol levels in babies and kids who have experienced a stressful situation [ 1 ]. The results of the study are even more amazing because the scientists did not observe maternal buffering when teenagers did the same task with their mothers next to them.
Does this mean that teenagers no longer need their moms? Have a plan. It's so much easier to get started when you have a detailed list of accounts to call on. When I'm trying to enter a new industry, I reach out to someone who works in that industry with noncompetitive products and ask for a list of companies or accounts, or a recommendation for where I can get them.
Then I gather background information on the companies. Call with confidence. When you're not in the mood to cold-call, call one or two of your best customers and ask how they're doing. Sometimes hearing good things about your product or service lifts you up and reminds you why you're doing what you're doing in the first place.
Don't give up. Don't forget that nothing teaches you how to cold-call like making cold calls! Just when it seems as though everyone is giving you the cold shoulder, someone takes your call and you have a qualified appointment. That little triumph enhances your enthusiasm for the next call. Don't stop after a successful call, because it breeds success for the next call. Learn to be comfortable being uncomfortable.
No Fear Quotes
It's never easy when you first start making cold calls. But I have a theory that the fear is diminished by action. What we fear most is the unknown.