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by Nancy L White | 2 October Paperback · ₹1,₹1, Just Plain Bob: Ww 2 Combat Photographer and Hero. by Nancy A. White | 21 February
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The fighting for Aachen was fierce.

Hiroo Onoda

American planes and artillery pounded the Nazi defenses for days. Tanks then rolled into the narrow streets of the ancient city, the imperial seat of Charlemagne, which Hitler had ordered defended at all costs. Bloody building-to-building combat ensued until, finally, on October 21, , Aachen became the first German city to fall into Allied hands.

Rubble still clogged the streets when U. Army Maj. Floyd W.


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Hough and two of his men arrived in early November. A short, serious man of 46 with receding red hair and wire-rimmed glasses, Hough had a degree in civil engineering from Cornell, and before the war he led surveying expeditions in the American West for the U. Now he was the leader of a military intelligence team wielding special blue passes, issued by Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force, that allowed Hough and his team to move freely in the combat zone. Their mission was such a closely guarded secret that one member later recalled he was told not to open the envelope containing his orders until two hours after his plane departed for Europe.

There were also ten enlisted men. Among the Ritchie Boys, as they were known, were European immigrants who had fled to the United States to escape Nazi persecution. At Camp Ritchie they received training in interrogation and other psychological operations. Their job was to question European civilians about the movement of enemy troops, translate captured documents and interrogate prisoners of war.

For the refugees among them, it was a chance to leverage their language skills and cultural familiarity to defeat the enemy that had uprooted their lives. This article is a selection from the November issue of Smithsonian magazine. Along with 1, pounds of cameras and other equipment for creating microfilm records, HOUGHTEAM also carried 11, index cards detailing the holdings of the Army Map Service as well as numerous target lists of technical universities, government institutes, libraries and other places likely to have the materials they had been sent to capture.

The lists also named German scientists who seemed likely to cooperate, and some who were not to be trusted. In Aachen, the library that Hough was looking for was at the Technische Hochschule, or technical university. Though it had been nearly wrecked by American bombs, thousands of books remained. The abandoned documents included tables of exceptionally precise survey data covering German territory that the Allies had yet to reach—just what Hough was looking for.

His team quickly microfilmed the material and sent it to the front, where Allied artillery units could immediately use it to improve their targeting.

The Aachen seizure was the first in a series of remarkable successes for HOUGHTEAM that promised not only to hasten the end of the war but also to shape the world order for decades to come. Little is publicly known about the true scope of the information that Hough and his team captured, or the ingenuity they displayed in securing it, because their mission was conducted in secret, and the technical material they seized circulated only among military intelligence experts and academics.

But it was a vast scientific treasure—likely the largest cache of geographic data the United States ever obtained from an enemy power in wartime. The operation seems all the more astonishing because it was executed by an unlikely band of academics, refugees, clerks and soldiers, all led by Hough, an Ivy League-trained engineer with a passion for geodesy, the centuries-old science of measuring the Earth with utmost mathematical precision. In 20th-century warfare, men and machines could achieve only so much without exact location data to guide them. The Americans knew that the Germans had a trove of this material, and had most likely captured even more of it from the countries they had invaded, including the Soviet Union.

If Hough and his team could exploit the chaos of war to hunt down this prize, they would not only help to finish off the Nazis but could give the Americans an incalculable advantage in any global conflict to come. Unlike a traditional survey used to determine property lines or mark the route for a new road, a geodetic survey of a region accounts for the curvature of the Earth and even variations in this curvature. That extra precision becomes more critical over long distances.

The nature of combat in World War II gave geodesy new urgency, as it required coordinating air, ground and naval forces across far larger areas than ever before. This capability would prove incredibly useful for any long-distance human endeavor, including guiding missiles to a target on another continent, as the Cold War would soon demand. In December of , the Germans mounted a counteroffensive, pushing through the Allied line in southern Belgium and Luxembourg in what became known as the Battle of the Bulge.

Hough waited in Paris. The weather was miserable. Electricity was intermittent. The enlisted men relied on fireplaces for heat—when they could find coal or wood to burn.

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They worked six days a week, mostly nibbling at the edges of the real mission, but made the most of their downtime. Raymond Johnson, a year-old telephone company lineman from Chicago, explored the movies and cabarets of Paris and practiced a few words of French with local women, as he later wrote in an unpublished memoir his daughters shared with Smithsonian for this article. Berthold Friedl, a year-old linguist who struggled to make small talk with the enlisted men when the group gathered in the evenings to drink wine, wrote a book in French about Soviet military strategy and philosophy of war that was published in Martin Shallenberger, 32, the Kentucky blue blood, spoke fluent German and French, and though he could be charming, the G.

They bristled when he made them wait while he paused to capture some scene with his Leica camera or the watercolor paint set he carried around. David Mills, a mild-mannered geodetic engineer, and Edward Espenshade, the geographer, were more at ease with the G. A geography teacher from Illinois, Smith was brought on for clerical support, but Hough took note of her initiative and intelligence and assigned her to search the map shops of Paris, and later sent her on a research trip to London.

The enlisted men called her Smitty. Some, like Johnson, had never met such a woman. Hough remained busy. When the French city of Strasbourg was recaptured by the Allies, his men removed a cache of top-quality German survey equipment before the French had a chance to claim the gear for themselves. If an obstacle arose, Hough was willing to get creative. After several neutral countries balked at letting Espenshade and Shallenberger search their institutes and libraries, Hough procured letters from the Library of Congress certifying the men as its representatives engaged in bibliographic research.

Finally, by early March, the Allied forces resumed their eastward progress and were poised to cross the Rhine into the German heartland. On March 4, Hough left Paris with Mills, his fellow engineer, and three enlisted men. On March 9, they received word that Bonn had been captured, and they made it there by nightfall. There they interrogated the director of the local geodetic institute, who led them to a hidden alcove that held a box of valuable books.

Hough and his men entered Frankfurt at the end of March, the day after it was captured, taking shelter in one of the few structures still standing in the business district. Buildings were still burning. Water was scarce. In the basement of one building, the men saw what looked like books, but they disintegrated into fine ash in their hands. In Wiesbaden, a city just to the west, their luck began to improve.

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I am willing to pay for the ones I do not have in my collection. I am writing a book on now called Thaba Tshwane and am looking for any kind of information reports, testimonies, photos, maps, Unit files, happenings, parades, etc. It is with alarming to see that old buildings are neglected and units been closed in the town, I would like to records its history before it is too late. He mentions in letters that 'He only made 1 jump'.

He has passed away but did mention a Captain Wilson in letters to me. He served with: Lieut Kourney. Sergeant Herbert Henry Fowler after serving 7 years in the 2nd Middlesex Regiment during which promoted very rapidly to drill sergeant, became a reservist. Entrained to Pietermaritzburg and on to Escourt, at this point his trail stops and six months later he returns to England invalided. The clock was one of thirteen presented to sergeants of the Middlesex regiment by Lady White and Lady Balfour.

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The clock face depicts a lake with a sailing ship, a castle in the background and a naked figure surveying the scene in the foreground. The hour numerals are black and set in ivory and the whole face is framed by a horseshoe enclosed in a brass stirrup, held together with a leather strap and buckle. Any information about the reason and circumstances of the clock's donation most welcome.

His pilot on the majority of raids was a Lt. Unfortunately he was wounded on 27th September whilst on a raid at Mersa Luceh and was out of the war for 18 months. My grandfather was English and was originally on 30 squadron RAF. I am hoping to contact anyone who may have known him for the short time he was on 12 sqn or knows of any members of his crew. I am trying to find information on my late father Lutz. Salomon a sergeant in the 10 Field Ambulance. He was deported from Germany in and moved to South Africa in the same year.


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