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Noun. goating (plural goatings) A scapegoating. An event at a fraternal organization, derived from scapegoating quotations ▼English · Noun.
Table of contents
TIGON offspring of a male tiger and a female lion 6p. INGOT metal that is cast in the shape of a block for convenient handling 6p. GONIA the craniometric point on either side at the apex of the lower jaw 6p. GIANT any creature of exceptional size 6p. Points Word Definition 6p. GIGA 6p.
GANG an association of criminals 6p. NOGG 6p. AGOG highly excited 6p. GONG a percussion instrument consisting of a metal plate that is struck with a softheaded drumstick 5p. GOAT any of numerous agile ruminants related to sheep but having a beard and straight horns 5p. AGON a festivity in ancient Greece at which competitors contended for prizes 5p. GNAT any of various small biting flies: midges 5p.
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AGIN 5p. AGIO a fee charged for exchanging currencies 5p. GAIN a quantity that is added 5p. GAIT the rate of moving especially walking or running 5p. TONG An instrument or tool used for manipulating things in a fire without touching them with the hands. TOGA a one-piece cloak worn by men in ancient Rome 5p.
TING a light clear metallic sound as of a small bell 5p. TANG a tart spicy quality 4p.
ANTI a person who is opposed to an action or policy or practice etc. INTO 4p. IOTA a tiny or scarcely detectable amount 4p.
goating - Wiktionary
NAOI 4p. NOTA 4p. TAIN Thin tin plate. Points Word Definition 5p. IGG 5p. GIG long and light rowing boat 5p. HuffPost Personal Video Horoscopes. Newsletters Coupons. Terms Privacy Policy. Tap here to turn on desktop notifications to get the news sent straight to you. So how did a professional writer muck it up? Which brings us to the final question: why would anyone want to get a goat? Of course, language is an ever-changing entity, so who's to say? Calling all HuffPost superfans! Sign up for membership to become a founding member and help shape HuffPost's next chapter.
Join HuffPost. Today is National Voter Registration Day! An example is that blueberry juniper is eaten more readily by goats than redberry juniper, probably because of the characteristic profiles of volatile oils Riddle et al. Terpenes from both blueberry and redberry juniper are bacteriocidic destroys bacteria Brattsten As such, they serve as chemical defense mechanisms to discourage destructive herbivory and encourage survival of the plant.
Since goats are ruminants, the terpenes in juniper could potentially kill some of the ruminal bacteria. Possibly, this could reduce digestive efficiency and cause digestive upset if enough juniper were consumed. In reality, juniper in livestock diets may not cause high levels of bacterial death. Generally juniper is consumed in relatively small quantities; and when it is consumed, the total terpenoid concentration is diluted during repeated chewing and rumination. Once in the gastrointestinal tract, terpenes are likely absorbed to a small degree through the rumen wall and to a larger degree from the small intestine.
This process acts as a positive feedback system where initial contact with terpenes stimulates or increases the production of more enzymes capable of handling more terpenes. This process allows the terpenes to be harmlessly excreted by the animal through its urine. Since we know that juniper intake is limited by the presence of terpenoids, we can overcome this limitation through two different management schemes.
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In order to decrease production of terpenoids in the trees we need to understand why juniper produces this secondary chemical. Terpenoid production is influenced by the species of juniper, individual tree and site the kind of soil the tree grows on. Considering site first, we know that in a nutrient-limited environment, it is not advantageous for juniper to lose nitrogen and carbon that is tied up in its foliage i.
Physiologically the tree protects its resources with these secondary chemicals that keep the foliage from being browsed off. A promising area of research is measuring monoterpenoid changes in relation to young vs old plants, or to look at the effect of aging on monoterpenoid production and the resulting effects on palatability. Goats will regularly return to utilize the same juniper trees, harvesting the young regrowth. When the tips are browsed off, regrowth sprouts from lateral buds.
This pattern is seen on a larger scale when redberry regrowth sprouts up from a top-killed plant. When these observations were tested in a lab, we found that physiological age of the leaf material influences the amount and kind of monoterpenoids. Young seedlings and sprouts were much lower in monoterpenoids and more palatable than older plants Fig. There appears to be a threshold after which leaf material becomes significantly less palatable as the juniper foliage ages and monoterpenoid composition increases.
This has important management implications. If juniper can be maintained below this threshold with control methods such as fire, consumption by goats can be increased. Our second approach to juniper management is to increase the tolerance of goats to the monoterpenoids. Monoterpenes are thought to deter goat browsing of juniper plants by being toxic or by reducing nutrient assimilation, or by influencing forage selection at subtoxic levels by imposing high detoxification costs post absorption increases nutrient demand of animals in order to neutralize terpenoids Freeland and Janzen , Guglielmo et al.
Because of this additional demand for nutrients, adequate nutrition is important to meet the demands of detoxification. A protein rather than energy supplement appears to be more beneficial to goats consuming juniper. Eventhough juniper intake can be significantly increased by feeding a protein supplement, individual goat consumption is still relatively low. For example, if an average 3 foot high juniper tree has 10 pounds of consumable foliage and an 80 pound goat consumes.
Multiply that by to trees per acre and it would take a number of goats to have a major impact on the juniper.
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Obviously, early treatment of juniper is critical for effective biological control. Previous research at the Sonora Research Station has shown that Spanish goats have the potential to consume more juniper than Angora goats Riddle et al. Further work in this area has determined that goats crossed with the Ibex breed wild goats consume more juniper than Spanish goats. We believe this idea of selecting goats for increased juniper consumption has merit. Our approach to increasing the efficiency of goating for juniper management involves decreasing terpenoid concentration in the plant and increasing tolerance of these terpenoids in the animals.
Use of desirable browse plants should be monitored. Hit the juniper hard when goats will most likely consume it and harm to other plant species can be minimized i.
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Also, initiate a close monitoring program for early detection of juniper seed germination and seedling emergence. Concentrate goats on the young seedlings to attack the juniper when it is in its most vulnerable life stage and lowest in terpenoids. Adequate nutrition is important to meet the demands of detoxification. A sustainable juniper management system must be developed for each situation. This may include a combination of treatments i. Goating should be viewed as one component of the overall juniper management system.