Modern Classics Studies in Hysteria (Penguin Modern Classics) [Sigmund Freud, Joseph Breuer, Nicola Lockhurst, Rachel Bowlby] on leondumoulin.nl *FREE*.
Table of contents
The symptoms with which these 'patients' came to clinics such as that of Breuer and Freud were very variable: Now, mostly these patients were treated with contemporary medicine - electrical stimulation, warm baths, retreats, drugs. Mostly, without much result. Freud and Breuer tried to tackle the problem from a different angle. According to them, human beings form ideas about the things we experience, and these ideas are accompanied by emotions. Normally, when dealing with experiences, specifically negative ones, we find a way to process them.
So when something bad happens, or someone offends us, we scoff at the other person or situation; we associate other ideas with the experience and hence nuance our experience; etc. But sometimes things can go wrong. When a situation happens that we, unconsciously, are ashamed of or feel really bad about, we might try mentally to suppress the formation of the idea. But this is impossible.
The idea is formed, complete with associated emotion, but it will live in a mental space divided from our consciousness. It's still there though. And when new events happen, that our unconsciousness associates with the past suppressed event, our body jams and this is translated into bodily failings, i.
The task of the therapist, when dealing with a patient suffering from hysteria, is to integrate the suppressed ideas which linger in our unconsciousness into our consciousness. This can be done by making the patient recall the past event. The patient lies down, is hypnotized or not , and then the psychotherapist asks the patient intimate questions about the symptoms, and especially the origin of these symptoms.
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And so the patient will integrate the repressed ideas into his or her consciousness, the hysteria will disappear, and everything's fine. The most interesting part of the book is Part 2, in which Breuer and Freud mostly Freud describe five case studies of patients with hysteria and how they applied the above mentioned therapy - which was at that time experimental. They call it the 'cathartic method' from the Greek katharsis: There are various interesting remarks to be made on these case studies: All of the patients are women, and from the language Breuer, but especially Freud, uses it is easy to note a sort of obsession with women.
Studies in Hysteria - Sigmund Freud - Google Книги
So when Freud describes his patients, he notes peculiar things like: One wonders what this has to do with the medical treatment. All the patients that are described suffer from the same wide range of symptoms: Initially treatment fails, and it is only when the psychotherapist starts to ask intimate questions that the symptoms seem to lessen. And it is only when the psychotherapist has finally unearthed the true, original event that led to the hysteria, that the patient almost instantaneously recovers.
The original event that is being repressed, is almost in each case a sexual one. Freud calls this erotic ideas. An example will illustrate the absurdity of these theories although now I give away my own position on the case Freud sees a patient a young, lively, although typical hysterical girl of 24 years of age who suffers from severe nerve pains in hips and legs.
Hypnosis doesn't work on her, so Freud starts to ask questions. Initially the treatment doesn't really work; the pains don't stop appearing and she doesn't fell well. Luckily, Freud knows why: In the end, Freud probes her some more and she reveals that she secretly was in love with her brother-in-law. Her erotic longing for this prince on his white horse, coupled with the feeling of shame and guilt especially since her sister, the wife of this man, died , is the true reason why she suffers. She recovers and that's that. Freud ends his description of the case of Fraulein Elisabeth von R. Since then, by her own inclination, she has married someone unknown to me.
She explains she has hysterical symptoms; Freud asks her intimate questions: It is very hard to give a fair hearing when reading such ridiculous nonsense. And I think we should rather treat it like that: Freud was an oversexed fantast; an intellectual who couldn't rid himself of the Victorian upper-class view on women; and a pseudo-scientist who saw the unconsciousness as the cause of almost every detail of our mental world.
The unconsciousness either respresses or accepts ideas; and this either leads to hysteria or to a healthy learning experience.
References
The problem with all this is that it makes for good literature, but bad science. Freud's theories are so vague, all-encompassing and especially untestable that it is very hard to see why they have been so influential To end this review: I have to credit Joseph Breuer for intellectual honesty. When Freud started to interpret hysteria in a primarily sexual way, Breuer parted with Freud. So one has at least to give Breuer credit for trying to develop a new experimental method of treating patients with neurological symptoms - a noble goal.
Freud took it and ran off with it.
So, read this book as a historical and hysterical document, and keep in mind that hysteria isn't a classified diagnosis anymore; psychoanalysis isn't a legitimate treatment anymore; Freud's theories aren't scientifically accepted anymore. A la vez muestra como las pacientes van dando la pauta para su propio tratamiento; el nacimiento de la "talking cure" con Anna O. Aug 29, Robert rated it really liked it. In Studies in Hysteria, Joseph Breuer and Sigmund Freud offer case studies of women afflicted with an illness, hysteria, no longer recognized as a single illness.
This volume, then, is a labored, sober, self-doubting attempt to conduct science clinically, woman by woman, patient by patient, afflicted by a wide array of symptoms: Hysteria viewed in these terms differs from the hysteria explored by Jean-Martin Charcot, the French neurologist under whom Freud studied for four months.
Hypnoid state
Charcot's patients exhibited a fairly typical cycle of exceptional symptoms that he did not so much attempt to treat as observe and document. Studies in Hysteria launches psychoanalysis with Breuer's successful cure of Miss Anna O by means of what she herself called the "talking cure" under hypnosis. What is striking, and central to Freud's elaboration, is the conviction that if an hysteric could be induced to revisit a primal trauma, said hysteric could, like dropping a handkerchief or hitting a ping pong ball, dispose of her usually her difficulties.
Neither Breuer nor Freud claim to be certain about all this. They do not have an answer as to why some women become "hysterics" while most do not. In many case studies, they describe therapeutic events more than analyze them. It's always apparent that what worked best for them, scientifically, was logic in the form of post hoc ergo propter hoc after this therefore because of this.
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Similarly, it's apparent that they knew they were working in darkness. Freud, in particular, approaches his case studies much as a literary writer would. This is early Freud, and in many ways it is appealing Freud. He subsequently rose to such great fame and such great criticism that it's useful to encounter him as an observing clinician. As medical doctors, Breuer and Freud first worked to assure themselves that there was no identifiable medical cause of hysterical afflictions--at least none known to the science of the day.
But they then were left with inexplicable afflictions, and the question of what to do about them. For whatever reason, Freud was no good at hypnosis, so he developed a technique of applying pressure to a patient's head with his hands and using that intrusion to jar the patient into entering the labyrinth of associations that would lead to the original insult. One sees him as authoritarian in this method, but he freely confesses failures, dead-ends, and frustrations, which he says the physician simply must accept. Bought this as a gift for a student going to college that is trying to decide if they want to get into a field like this as a major.
She really enjoyed the book and thought it very informative. Well worth the price. Delivered quickly and damage free. A warning to anyone contemplating buying the Kindle edition listed here. It's a copy of the A. I tried to contact Amazon about this, but true to form, doesn't seem there's a way to communicate with them! I'm not disputing the first reviewer who gave the book one star because it is a poor translation. Strachey's translation is good enough, though, to make the book readable, and it should be read by everyone. Freud's clarity of thought and insight and pure intelligence is well represented in this book, and it serves as a decent introduction to elementary psychoanalysis.
Right here the reader can discover much of the origin of psychotherapy. If you want to find earlier inspirations you can read a The Discovery of the Unconscious by Ellenberger. See all 16 reviews. Most recent customer reviews. Published 1 year ago.
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Amazon Drive Cloud storage from Amazon. Are All Hysterical Phenomena Ideogenic 2. Intracerebral Tonic Excitation — Affects 3. Innate Disposition; The Development of Hysteria. Psychology Nonfiction Classics Category: About Studies in Hysteria Hysteria—the tormenting of the body by the troubled mind—is among the most pervasive of human disorders; yet, at the same time, it is the most elusive. Also by Sigmund Freud , Joseph Breuer. See all books by Sigmund Freud , Joseph Breuer.
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