Toxic Chemicals in the Workplace: A Managers Guide to Recognition, Evaluation, and Control

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A Guide to Anticipation, Recognition, Evaluation, and Control of Workplace Hazards , Second Edition

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Extra resources for Toxic Chemicals in the Workplace: Anyway, he decided to put a curtain around the workstation. To do this, he had to weld in position some supports and rails on which to hang the curtain. And this he did during the normal working day while Harry was still dunking away with his rims. So far, so good. Harry worked all day, with his usual coffee and lunch breaks, and finally got home about 4 o'clock in the afternoon. And as he climbed into bed, he said to his wife, "You know, I think I'm getting a cold. Strictly speaking, fumes are very fine solid particles floating in the air that have been solidified out of the hot gassy state of a metal or a metal compound.

For instance, if you grind zinc or weld brass, some of the metal is heated sufficiently to become a metallic gas. The basic types of engineering controls are:. Process control involves changing the way a job activity or process is done to reduce the risk. Monitoring should be done before and as well as after the change is implemented to make sure the changes did, in fact, control the hazard.

These methods aim to keep the chemical "in" and the worker "out" or vice versa. An enclosure keeps a selected hazard "physically" away from the worker. Enclosed equipment, for example, is tightly sealed and it is typically only opened for cleaning or maintenance.


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Other examples include "glove boxes" where a chemical is in a ventilated and enclosed space and the employee works with the material by using gloves that are built in , abrasive blasting cabinets, or remote control devices. Care must be taken when the enclosure is opened for maintenance as exposure could occur if adequate precautions are not taken.

The enclosure itself must be well maintained to prevent leaks.

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Isolation places the hazardous process "geographically" away from the majority of the workers. Common isolation techniques are to create a contaminant-free or noise-free booth either around the equipment or around the employee workstations. Ventilation is a method of control that strategically "adds" and "removes" air in the work environment. Ventilation can remove or dilute an air contaminant if designed properly.

Hazard Control

Local exhaust ventilation is very adaptable to almost all chemicals and operations. It removes the contaminant at the source so it cannot disperse into the work space and it generally uses lower exhaust rates than general ventilation general ventilation usually exchanges air in the entire room. Local exhaust ventilation is an effective means of controlling hazardous exposures but should be used when other methods such as elimination or substitution are not possible.

The design of a ventilation system is very important and must match the particular process and chemical or contaminant in use. Expert guidance should be sought. It is a very effective control measure but only if it is designed, tested, and maintained properly. Because contaminants are exhausted to the outdoors, you should also check with your local environment ministry or municipality for any environmental air regulations or bylaws that may apply in your area.

Systems that increase awareness are methods that help the worker to detect if a hazard is present.

Examples of these hazard controls include warning systems, visual or audible alarms, warning signs, or other indicators that alert the worker to a situation. Administrative controls limit workers' exposures by scheduling shorter work times in contaminant areas or by implementing other "rules". These control measures have many limitations because the hazard itself is not actually removed or reduced.

Administrative controls are not generally favoured because they can be difficult to implement, maintain and are not a reliable way to reduce exposure. When necessary, methods of administrative control include:. Work practices are also a form of administrative controls.

NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluation Program: Medical Testing at a Workplace

In most workplaces, even if there are well designed and well maintained engineering controls present, safe work practices are very important. Some elements of safe work practices include:. Employee education and training on how to conduct their work safely helps to minimize the risk of exposure and is a critical element of any complete workplace health and safety program. Training must cover not only how to do the job safely but it must also ensure that workers understand the hazards and risks of their job.

It must also provide them with information on how to protect themselves and co-workers.

Good housekeeping is essential to prevent the accumulation of hazardous or toxic materials e. Being prepare for emergencies means making sure that the necessary equipment and supplies are readily available and that employees know what to do when something unplanned happens such as a release, spill, fire or injury.

These procedures should be written and employees should have the opportunity to practice their emergency response skills regularly. Please see the OSH Answers document on emergency planning for more information. Personal hygiene practices are another effective way to reduce the amount of a hazardous material absorbed, ingested or inhaled by a worker. They are particularly effective if the contaminant s can accumulate on the skin, clothing or hair.

Personal protective equipment PPE includes items such as respirators, protective clothing such as gloves, face shields, eye protection, and footwear that serve to provide a barrier between the wearer and the chemical or material. It is the final item on the list for a very good reason. Personal protective equipment should never be the only method used to reduce exposure except under very specific circumstances because PPE may "fail" stop protecting the worker with little or no warning.

It is important to monitor both the hazard and the control method to make sure that the control is working effectively and that exposure to the hazard is reduced or eliminated. A review will identify areas that may need more improvement or refinement. It is important to know if all workplace hazards are identified, assessed and appropriately controlled. Communication about the hazards and how to control them must be done for all employees of the organization.

Download PDF by M. D. T. M. Fraser: Toxic Chemicals in the Workplace: A Manager's Guide to

Add a badge to your website or intranet so your workers can quickly find answers to their health and safety questions. Although every effort is made to ensure the accuracy, currency and completeness of the information, CCOHS does not guarantee, warrant, represent or undertake that the information provided is correct, accurate or current. CCOHS is not liable for any loss, claim, or demand arising directly or indirectly from any use or reliance upon the information.

OSH Answers Fact Sheets Easy-to-read, question-and-answer fact sheets covering a wide range of workplace health and safety topics, from hazards to diseases to ergonomics to workplace promotion. Search all fact sheets: Type a word, a phrase, or ask a question.

Hazard Control : OSH Answers

Choosing a control method may involve: Evaluating and selecting temporary and permanent controls. Implementing temporary measures until permanent engineering controls can be put in place. Implementing permanent controls when reasonably practicable. The main ways to control a hazard include: Controls are usually placed: At the source where the hazard "comes from". Along the path where the hazard "travels".

The table below provides some examples: The basic types of engineering controls are: Process Control Process control involves changing the way a job activity or process is done to reduce the risk. Examples of process changes include to: Use wet methods rather than dry when drilling or grinding. Use an appropriate vacuum or "wet method" instead of dry sweeping e.

Never use a regular "household" vacuum cleaner, especially when cleaning toxic material such as lead, or asbestos.


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    4. Use a vacuum specifically designed for industrial workplaces and be sure to use appropriate filters, etc. Use steam cleaning instead of solvent degreasing but be sure to evaluate the potential high temperature hazard being introduced such as heat stress. Use electric motors rather than diesel ones to eliminate diesel exhaust emissions. Float "balls" on open-surface tanks that contain solvents e. Instead of conventional spray painting, try to dip, paint with a brush, or use "airless" spray paint methods.

    These methods will reduce the amount of paint that is released into the air. Decrease the temperature of a process so that less vapour is released.